Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swinþaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; suggested to derive from Proto-Indo-European *seǵʰ- (“to overpower”),[1] whence also *segaz (“victory”), perhaps either:
- directly inherited from Proto-Indo-European *sǵʰ-wént-s ~ *sǵʰ-unt-és, whence also variant *sundaz, from *seǵʰ- + *-wénts;
- or derived from unattested noun *swin- (“strength, power”) + *-þaz, from Proto-Indo-European *séǵʰ-wr̥ ~ *sǵʰ-wén-s (“overpowering; holding”), cognate with Ancient Greek σθένος (sthénos, “strength, power”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
*swinþaz
Inflection
Declension of *swinþaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *swinþaz | *swinþai | *swinþō | *swinþôz | *swinþą, -atō | *swinþō |
| Accusative | *swinþanǭ | *swinþanz | *swinþǭ | *swinþōz | *swinþą, -atō | *swinþō |
| Genitive | *swinþas, -is | *swinþaizǫ̂ | *swinþaizōz | *swinþaizǫ̂ | *swinþas, -is | *swinþaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *swinþammai | *swinþaimaz | *swinþaizōi | *swinþaimaz | *swinþammai | *swinþaimaz |
| Instrumental | *swinþanō | *swinþaimiz | *swinþaizō | *swinþaimiz | *swinþanō | *swinþaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *swinþô | *swinþaniz | *swinþǭ | *swinþōniz | *swinþô | *swinþōnō |
| Accusative | *swinþanų | *swinþanunz | *swinþōnų | *swinþōnunz | *swinþô | *swinþōnō |
| Genitive | *swinþiniz | *swinþanǫ̂ | *swinþōniz | *swinþōnǫ̂ | *swinþiniz | *swinþanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *swinþini | *swinþammaz | *swinþōni | *swinþōmaz | *swinþini | *swinþammaz |
| Instrumental | *swinþinē | *swinþammiz | *swinþōnē | *swinþōmiz | *swinþinē | *swinþammiz |
Related terms
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *swinþ
- Old Norse: sviðr, svinnr
- Gothic: 𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌽𐌸𐍃 (swinþs)
Further reading
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “su̯ento-, sunto-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1048