Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- (“to bend, spin, warp”), with the *-p- in the Germanic form likely being the expected result after resonants in words beginning with a labial consonant (compare *fimf (“five”) and *wulfaz (“wolf”) for other Proto-Germanic terms with similar outcomes). Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”) (whence ῥόμβος (rhómbos, “spinning top”), borrowed into English as rhombus), and possibly Proto-Slavic *vèrťi (“to throw, leap”) (though Kroonen is skeptical of the link to the Slavic).^[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈwer.pɑ.nɑ̃/

*werpaną

1. (transitive) to throw
2. (transitive) to cast

• *frawerpaną
• *gawerpaną
• *uzwerpaną

• *warpą
• *wurpilaz
• *wurpōną

• Proto-West Germanic: *werpan
  • Old English: weorpan, wurpan
    • Middle English: werpen
      • English: warp
      • Scots: warp
  • Old Frisian: werpa
    • North Frisian: werpe
    • West Frisian: werpe
  • Old Saxon: werpan
    • Middle Low German: werpen
      • Low German: warpen
  • Old Dutch: werpan
    • Middle Dutch: werpen
      • Dutch: werpen
        • Afrikaans: werp
      • Limburgish: wèrpe
  • Old High German: werfan, ƿerpan — Manuscript spelling
    • Middle High German: wërfen
      • German: werfen
• Old Norse: verpa
  • Icelandic: verpa
  • Faroese: verpa
  • Norwegian:
    • Norwegian Bokmål: verpe
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: verpe, verpa
  • Old Swedish: værpa
    • Swedish: värpa
  • Old Danish: wærpæ
    • Danish: værpe
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (wairpan)