Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werpaną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *wergʷ- (“to bend, spin, warp”), with the *-p- in the Germanic form likely being the expected result after resonants in words beginning with a labial consonant (compare *fimf (“five”) and *wulfaz (“wolf”) for other Proto-Germanic terms with similar outcomes). Cognate with Ancient Greek ῥέμβω (rhémbō, “to turn in circles”) (whence ῥόμβος (rhómbos, “spinning top”), borrowed into English as rhombus), and possibly Proto-Slavic *vèrťi (“to throw, leap”) (though Kroonen is skeptical of the link to the Slavic).
Pronunciation
Verb
*werpaną
- (transitive) to throw
- (transitive) to cast
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *werpō | *werpaų | — | *werpai | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *wirpizi | *werpaiz | *werp | *werpazai | *werpaizau | |
| 3rd singular | *wirpidi | *werpai | *werpadau | *werpadai | *werpaidau | |
| 1st dual | *werpōz | *werpaiw | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *werpadiz | *werpaidiz | *werpadiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *werpamaz | *werpaim | — | *werpandai | *werpaindau | |
| 2nd plural | *wirpid | *werpaid | *wirpid | *werpandai | *werpaindau | |
| 3rd plural | *werpandi | *werpain | *werpandau | *werpandai | *werpaindau | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *warp | *wurpį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *warft | *wurpīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *warp | *wurpī | ||||
| 1st dual | *wurpū | *wurpīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *wurpudiz | *wurpīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *wurpum | *wurpīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *wurpud | *wurpīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wurpun | *wurpīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *werpandz | *wurpanaz | ||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *werpan
- Old Norse: verpa
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌽 (wairpan)
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*werpan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 581