Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/N-cæwH

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 This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Etymology

Compare Austroasiatic.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Which Austroasiatic form? *kjaal, whence Vietnamese gió and Khmer ខ្យល់ (khyɑl)?”

Noun

*N-cæwH

  1. wind, breeze

Descendants

  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔaŋ³⁵tɕi⁵⁵
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: ʔaŋ³⁵tɕi⁵⁵
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: ci⁵³
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: tɕi³³
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: tɕin⁴⁴
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: tɕin⁴⁴
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: tɕi⁴⁴
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: tɕi³³
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: kji⁵⁴
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: tʃi³⁵
      • Bana 巴那: tɕi³⁵
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: ki³³
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: ʔa⁰²tɕi⁴²
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: zəm⁴² (Tai loanword)
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: tɕi⁴⁴
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: ʔa⁰²tɕi²⁴
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: tɕi³⁵
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: tɕa⁴²
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: tɕa³³
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: tɕua⁴⁴
          • White Hmong: cua
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): dzjaːu²⁴
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): dzja³⁵
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): ȡaːu⁴⁴
      • Fanghai (Tansan): ȡaːu³³⁵
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: dzjau³⁵
      • Luoxiang: dʑau³⁵
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: hja²⁴
      • Shikou: jau⁴⁴
      • Niuweizhai: hja⁴⁴
    • Dzao Min (Daping): dzau⁴²

References

  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
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