Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰmṓ

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *dʰéǵʰōm (earth) +‎ *-ō.

The initial *dʰ is regularly dropped in such a cluster (compare e.g. *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”) < */dḱmtóm/, a derivative of *déḱm̥ (“ten”)).

Noun

*ǵʰmṓ m (Lindeman variant: ǵʰm̥mṓ m)

earthling

Declension

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ǵʰémō
genitive	*ǵʰm̥nés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ǵʰémō	*ǵʰémonh₁(e)	*ǵʰémones
vocative	*ǵʰémon	*ǵʰémonh₁(e)	*ǵʰémones
accusative	*ǵʰémonm̥	*ǵʰémonh₁(e)	*ǵʰémonm̥s
genitive	*ǵʰm̥nés	*?	*ǵʰm̥nóHom
ablative	*ǵʰm̥nés	*?	*ǵʰmnmós
dative	*ǵʰm̥néy	*?	*ǵʰmnmós
locative	ǵʰmén, ǵʰméni	*?	*ǵʰmnsú
instrumental	*ǵʰm̥néh₁	*?	*ǵʰmnmís

Alternative reconstructions

dʰǵʰ-m-ṓn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós
dʰǵʰ-ém-ōn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós
dʰǵʰm̥mṓn

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źmṓ
- Old Lithuanian: žmuõ, žmuõj
- Old Prussian: smoy, smonenawins, smūnets
Proto-Germanic: *gumô (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *hemō (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “homō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 66
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 64
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 41
^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 521–522
^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “smoy”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 280

[Kroonen-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195

[De_Vaan-2] 2.0 ^2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “homō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288

[3] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 66

[4] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 64

[5] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 41

[6] Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 521–522

[7] Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “smoy”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius

[8] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 280

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰmṓ

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