Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰmṓ

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) +‎ *-ō. The initial *dʰ is regularly dropped in such a cluster (compare e.g. *ḱm̥tóm (“hundred”) < */dḱmtóm/, a derivative of *déḱm̥ (“ten”)).

    Noun

    *ǵʰmṓ m (Lindeman variant: *ǵʰm̥mṓ m)

    1. human, earthling

    Declension

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    singular
    nominative *ǵʰémō
    genitive *ǵʰm̥nés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *ǵʰémō *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémones
    vocative *ǵʰémon *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémones
    accusative *ǵʰémonm̥ *ǵʰémonh₁(e) *ǵʰémonm̥s
    genitive *ǵʰm̥nés *? *ǵʰm̥nóHom
    ablative *ǵʰm̥nés *? *ǵʰmnmós, *ǵʰmnbʰós
    dative *ǵʰm̥néy *? *ǵʰmnmós, *ǵʰmnbʰós
    locative *ǵʰmén, *ǵʰméni *? *ǵʰmnsú
    instrumental *ǵʰm̥néh₁ *? *ǵʰmnmís, *ǵʰmnbʰís

    Alternative reconstructions

    • dʰǵʰ-m-ṓn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós [1][2]
    • dʰǵʰ-ém-ōn ~ dʰǵʰ-m̥-n-ós [3][4]
    • dʰǵʰm̥mṓn [5]

    Descendants

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *źmṓ[6][7]
    • Proto-Germanic: *gumô (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ)[1][8] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *hemō (< *ǵʰm̥mṓ)[2] (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “homō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 287-288
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 66
    4. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 64
    5. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 41
    6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 521–522
    7. ^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “smoy”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
    8. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 280
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