Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰéǵʰōm

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *dʰeǵʰ- +‎ *-ōm. However, Kloekhorst argues that the Sanskrit and Anatolian evidence point towards a reconstruction of the root *dʰeǵ- as opposed to *dʰeǵʰ- on the basis that:

    • In the Sanskrit oblique stem jm-, the consonant -j- must reflect *ǵ- and cannot reflect *ǵʰ-, which would regularly give -h- in all positions.
    • The long vowel in the Hittite nominative singular suggests a "voiced unaspirated" (pre-glottalised) velar.
    • The *ǵʰ- reconstructable from Latin, Germanic and Greek can be explained in the glottalic theory as a simplification of the cluster *dʰǵ /dˀɡ/ to *dʰǵʰ /dɡ/. The opposite development is much less likely.

    It should be noted, however, that the glottalic theory is not generally accepted.

    A phonetically difficult but possible connection is with *(s)teǵ- (“to cover”), with devoicing of *dʰ to *t via Siebs' law.[1]

    Noun

    *dʰéǵʰōm f[2][3]

    1. earth
      Synonym: *h₁er-

    Inflection

    According to Ringe:

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    singular
    nominative *dʰéǵʰōm
    genitive *ǵʰmés
    singular dual plural
    nominative *dʰéǵʰōm — —
    vocative *dʰéǵʰom — —
    accusative *dʰéǵʰōm — —
    genitive *ǵʰmés — —
    ablative *ǵʰmés — —
    dative *ǵʰméy — —
    locative *ǵʰém, *ǵʰémi — —
    instrumental *ǵʰméh₁ — —

    Notes:

    • Nominative from **dʰéǵʰoms
    • Accusative from **dʰéǵʰomm̥

    The Hittite evidence suggests a regular hysterokinetic inflection; Kloekhorst reconstructs the original paradigm as:

    • Nominative singular *dʰéǵ-m-
    • Accussative singular *dʰǵ-ém-m
    • Genitive singular *dʰǵ-m-és

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2014) “Proto-Indo-European “thorn”-clusters”, in Historische Sprachforschung / Historical Linguistics‎, volume 127, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, →JSTOR
    2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
    3. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S., Irslinger, Britta, Schneider, Carolin (2008) Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 86-99
    4. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 45.1
    5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 156

    Further reading

    • Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 859f
    • Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “c‘amak‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 621–623
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