Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱléwt

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root aorist of *ḱlew- (“to hear”).

Verb

*ḱléwt (perfective)^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

to hear

Inflection

Perfective, athematic
3rd singular	*ḱléwt
3rd plural	*ḱl̥wént
Active voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*ḱlḗm	—	*ḱléwoh₂	*ḱluyéh₁m̥
2nd singular	*ḱléws	ḱléw, ḱludʰí	*ḱléwesi	*ḱluyéh₁s
3rd singular	*ḱléwt	*ḱléwtu	*ḱléweti	*ḱluyéh₁t
1st dual	*ḱluwé	—	*ḱléwowos	*ḱl̥wih₁wé
2nd dual	*ḱlutóm	*ḱlutóm	*ḱléwetes	*ḱl̥wih₁tóm
3rd dual	*ḱlutā́m	*ḱlutā́m	*ḱléwetes	*ḱl̥wih₁tā́m
1st plural	*ḱlumé	—	*ḱléwomos	*ḱl̥wih₁mé
2nd plural	*ḱluté	*ḱluté	*ḱléwete	*ḱl̥wih₁té
3rd plural	*ḱl̥wént	*ḱl̥wéntu	*ḱléwonti	*ḱl̥wih₁ént

Participle	*ḱl̥wónts
Middle voice	Indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*ḱluh₂é	—	*ḱléwoh₂er	*ḱl̥wih₁h₂é
2nd singular	*ḱluth₂é	*ḱlusó	*ḱléweth₂er	*ḱl̥wih₁th₂é
3rd singular	ḱlutó, ḱl̥wó	*?	*ḱléwetor	ḱl̥wih₁tó, ḱl̥wih₁ó
1st dual	*ḱluwédʰh₂	—	*ḱléwowosdʰh₂	*ḱl̥wih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*ḱlumédʰh₂	—	*ḱléwomosdʰh₂	*ḱl̥wih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural	*ḱludʰh₂wé	*ḱludʰh₂wé	*ḱléwedʰh₂we	*ḱl̥wih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural	ḱl̥wn̥tó, ḱluró	*?	*ḱléwontor	*ḱl̥wih₁ró

Participle	*ḱl̥wm̥h₁nós

Descendants

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: լուաւ (luaw)
(perhaps) Balto-Slavic:
- Proto-Slavic: *slùti (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: κλῦτε (klûte, 2pl.aor.impv.)
  - ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἔκλῠον (ékluon, thematic aorist)
    - ⇒ Ancient Greek: κλύω (klúō, present verb)^[5]
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háćrawt
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Háśrawt
  - Sanskrit: अश्रोत् (áśrot)
- Proto-Iranian: *cráwt
  - Avestan: 𐬯𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬙𐬏 (sraotū, 3sg.aor.act.impv.)

References

^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sluti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 719

[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[LIV-2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*k̑leu̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 334-335

[3] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*sluti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 455

[Cheung-4] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*srau”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 356-357

[5] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 719

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