Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰe

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possibly derived from *dʰeh₁- (“to place”).

Suffix

*-dʰe ~ *-dʰi

locative suffix

Derived terms

*-dʰe-m (+ ablatival *-m)
- Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰen
  - Ancient Greek: -θεν (-then)
*-dʰe éh₁
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰáH
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰáH
    - Sanskrit: -धा (-dhā́)
*kú-dʰe
*me-dʰi
- *mé-dʰy-os
*sm̥-dʰé (“together, with”)

Descendants

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-de
- Proto-Slavic: *-de
Proto-Germanic: *-þ (directive suffix)
- Gothic: -𐌸 (-þ)
Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰe, *-tʰi
- Ancient Greek: -θε (-the), -θι (-thi)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-dʰa
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-dʰa
  - Sanskrit: -ध (-dha), -ह (-ha)
Proto-Italic: *-ðei (Italic innovation, possibly influenced by the thematic loc.sg. ending *-ei)
- Latin: -bi, -bī (as in ubi)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-dʰe/i”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 120-127
^ Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34
^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements, page 107
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246
^ Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”
^ Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ubī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 636
^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260

[LIPP-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*-dʰe/i”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 120-127

[2] Shields, Kenneth C. (1992) A History of Indo-European Verb Morphology (Current Issues in Linguistic Theory; 88), Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 34

[3] Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell, § 6.18.: Other case-like elements, page 107

[Beekes-4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.1.3: Substantives and adjectives with a suffix, page 246

[5] Kapović, Mate (2017) “Part 1 Chapter 2: Proto-Indo-European morphology”, in Kapović, Mate, editor, The Indo-European Languages (Routledge Language Family Series), 2nd edition, London, New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 81: “*-dʰe”

[Goto-6] Goto, Toshifumi (2013) Old Indo-Aryan Morphology and its Indo-Iranian Background (Veroffentlichungen zur Iranistik; 60)‎, Vienna: Austrian Academy of Sciences Press, →ISBN, § 4.2.: Adverbial suffixes, pages 145-146

[EDL-7] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ubī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 636

[8] Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 260