Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sm̥-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Zero grade form of the numeral stem *sem- (“one, together”).

*sm̥-

1. one
2. with, together

• *sḗm (“one”)
• *sēm-i (“half”)

• Proto-Armenian:
  • Old Armenian: ամ- (am-, “at, with, together”)
• Proto-Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἁ- (ha-, “together”)
    • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἅπαξ (hápax, “once”)
      • Greek: άπαξ (ápax)
      • French: hapax, apax
• Proto-Italic:
  • Latin: sem-, sim-
    • ⇒ Latin: semper (“always”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Latin: simītu
    • ⇒ Latin: simplex (“single, simple”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Latin: simplus (“simple”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian:
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    • Sanskrit: स (sa-, “together, with”)
  • Proto-Iranian: *ha-
    • Avestan: 𐬵𐬀- (ha-, “with, together”)
    • Old Persian: 𐏃 (h /⁠ha-⁠/)

• *sm̥-meh₁lom (“one time”) (with *meh₁-)
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: semel
• *sm̥-ḱm̥tóm (“one hundred”) (with *ḱm̥tóm)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἑκατόν (hekatón), ἑκοτόν (hekotón) — Arcadocypriot
      • Greek: εκατό (ekató)
      • Mariupol Greek: като́ (kató)
      • → English: hecato-
• *sm̥-ǵʰéslo- (“(one) thousand”) (with *ǵʰéslom)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *saȷ́ʰásram (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *smīɣeslī
    • Latin: mīlle (see there for further descendants)
• *sm̥-teros (“one other”) (with the suffix *-teros to form adjectives)
  • Proto-Celtic: *santeros
  • Proto-Hellenic: *həteros
    • Ancient Greek: ἕτερος (héteros) ἅτερος (háteros), ὥτερος (hṓteros), ἄτερος (áteros) (see there for further descendants)