Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mh₁nos

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Reconstruction

The -ā- in the Sanskrit descendant is an innovation, from the athematic Proto-Indo-European *-C-m̥h₁no- > Proto-Indo-Iranian *-C-aHno- > Sanskrit -C-āna being remodelled for the thematic paradigm. The Middle Indo-Aryan form -mina reflects the regular outcome of Proto-Indo-Iranian *-mHnas, pointing to the regular form being preserved in an unattested Old Indo-Aryan dialect.

Suffix

*-mh₁nos[1]

  1. Forms the middle participle.

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *-mh₁nos *-mh₁neh₂
genitive *-mh₁nosyo *-mh₁neh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *-mh₁nos *-mh₁noh₁ *-mh₁noes
vocative *-mh₁ne *-mh₁noh₁ *-mh₁noes
accusative *-mh₁nom *-mh₁noh₁ *-mh₁noms
genitive *-mh₁nosyo *? *-mh₁noHom
ablative *-mh₁nead *? *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos
dative *-mh₁noey *? *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos
locative *-mh₁ney, *-mh₁noy *? *-mh₁noysu
instrumental *-mh₁noh₁ *? *-mh₁nōys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *-mh₁neh₂ *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) *-mh₁neh₂es
vocative *-mh₁neh₂ *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) *-mh₁neh₂es
accusative *-mh₁nām *-mh₁neh₂h₁(e) *-mh₁neh₂m̥s
genitive *-mh₁neh₂s *? *-mh₁neh₂oHom
ablative *-mh₁neh₂s *? *-mh₁neh₂mos, *-mh₁neh₂bʰos
dative *-mh₁neh₂ey *? *-mh₁neh₂mos, *-mh₁neh₂bʰos
locative *-mh₁neh₂, *-mh₁neh₂i *? *-mh₁neh₂su
instrumental *-mh₁neh₂h₁ *? *-mh₁neh₂mis, *-mh₁neh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *-mh₁nom *-mh₁noy(h₁) *-mh₁neh₂
vocative *-mh₁nom *-mh₁noy(h₁) *-mh₁neh₂
accusative *-mh₁nom *-mh₁noy(h₁) *-mh₁neh₂
genitive *-mh₁nosyo *? *-mh₁noHom
ablative *-mh₁nead *? *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos
dative *-mh₁noey *? *-mh₁nomos, *-mh₁nobʰos
locative *-mh₁ney, *-mh₁noy *? *-mh₁noysu
instrumental *-mh₁noh₁ *? *-mh₁nōys

Descendants

  • Proto-Hellenic:
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-mHnas
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-mHnas
      • Sanskrit: -मान (-māna) (thematic), आन (āna) (athematic) (-ā- in the thematic form is by analogy with the athematic form; the expected thematic form, *-mina, is attested in Middle Indo-Aryan)
    • Proto-Iranian: *-mHnah
    • Proto-Nuristani: *-mna
      • Northern Nuristani:
  • Proto-Italic: *-manos
    • Latin: -mnus (syncopated), -mina (unsyncopated) (only in alumnus, fēmina)
    • Latin: -minī (2pl suffix of deponent verbs)[2]
  • Proto-Tocharian:

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 114
  2. ^ Baldi, Philip (1999) The Foundations of Latin (Trends in linguistics), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 391.
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