Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Suffix

    *(é)-s f[1]

    1. Derives feminine mobile-accented root nouns from roots.

    Inflection

    Athematic, hysterokinetic
    singular
    nominative *(é)-s
    genitive *(Ø)-és
    singular dual plural
    nominative *(é)-s *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
    vocative *(é)- *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
    accusative *(é)-m̥ *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-m̥s
    genitive *(Ø)-és *? *(Ø)-óHom
    ablative *(Ø)-és *? *(Ø)-mós, *(Ø)-bʰós
    dative *(Ø)-éy *? *(Ø)-mós, *(Ø)-bʰós
    locative *(é)-, *(é)-i *? *(Ø)-sú
    instrumental *(Ø)-éh₁ *? *(Ø)-mís, *(Ø)-bʰís

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)

    Suffix

    *(ó)-s f[1]

    1. Derives feminine acrostatic root nouns from roots.

    Inflection

    Athematic, acrostatic
    singular
    nominative *(ó)-s
    genitive *(é)-s
    singular dual plural
    nominative *(ó)-s *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
    vocative *(ó)- *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
    accusative *(ó)-m̥ *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-m̥s
    genitive *(é)-s *? *(é)-oHom
    ablative *(é)-s *? *(é)-mos, *(é)-bʰos
    dative *(é)-ey *? *(é)-mos, *(é)-bʰos
    locative *(é)-, *(é)-i *? *(é)-su
    instrumental *(é)-h₁ *? *(é)-mis, *(é)-bʰis

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (acrostatic)

    Suffix

    *(ḗ)-s n[1][2]

    1. Derives neuter Narten-type acrostatic root nouns from roots.

    Inflection

    Athematic, acrostatic
    singular
    nominative *(ḗ)-s
    genitive *(é)-os
    singular dual plural
    nominative *(ḗ)-s *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
    vocative *(é)- *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
    accusative *(é)-m̥ *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-m̥s
    genitive *(é)-os *? *(é)-ooHom
    ablative *(é)-os *? *(é)-omos, *(é)-obʰos
    dative *(é)-oey *? *(é)-omos, *(é)-obʰos
    locative *(é)-o, *(é)-oy *? *(é)-osu
    instrumental *(é)-oh₁ *? *(é)-omis, *(é)-obʰis

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (lengthened acrostatic)

    Suffix

    *(ṓ)-s m[1][2]

    1. Derives masculine acrostatic root nouns with lengthened o-grade nominative singular from roots.

    Inflection

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    singular
    nominative *(ṓ)-s
    genitive *(e)-és
    singular dual plural
    nominative *(ṓ)-s *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
    vocative *(ó)- *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
    accusative *(ó)-m̥ *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-m̥s
    genitive *(e)-és *? *(e)-óHom
    ablative *(e)-és *? *(e)-mós, *(e)-bʰós
    dative *(e)-éy *? *(e)-mós, *(e)-bʰós
    locative *(ó)-, *(ó)-i *? *(e)-sú
    instrumental *(e)-éh₁ *? *(e)-mís, *(e)-bʰís

    Derived terms

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (amphikinetic)

    Descendants

    • Ancient Greek: -ς (-s)
    • Latin: -s

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 334-337
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