Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-s

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(é)-s f

  1. Derives feminine mobile-accented root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *(é)-s
genitive *(Ø)-és
singular dual plural
nominative *(é)-s *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
vocative *(é)- *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
accusative *(é)-m̥ *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-m̥s
genitive *(Ø)-és *? *(Ø)-óHom
ablative *(Ø)-és *? *(Ø)-mós
dative *(Ø)-éy *? *(Ø)-mós
locative *(é)-, *(é)-i *? *(Ø)-sú
instrumental *(Ø)-éh₁ *? *(Ø)-mís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)

Suffix

*(ó)-s f

  1. Derives feminine acrostatic root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *(ó)-s
genitive *(é)-s
singular dual plural
nominative *(ó)-s *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
vocative *(ó)- *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
accusative *(ó)-m̥ *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-m̥s
genitive *(é)-s *? *(é)-oHom
ablative *(é)-s *? *(é)-mos
dative *(é)-ey *? *(é)-mos
locative *(é)-, *(é)-i *? *(é)-su
instrumental *(é)-h₁ *? *(é)-mis

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (acrostatic)

Suffix

*(ḗ)-s m

  1. Derives feminine Narten-type acrostatic root nouns from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
singular
nominative *(ḗ)-s
genitive *(é)-os
singular dual plural
nominative *(ḗ)-s *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
vocative *(é)- *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-es
accusative *(é)-m̥ *(é)-h₁(e) *(é)-m̥s
genitive *(é)-os *? *(é)-ooHom
ablative *(é)-os *? *(é)-omos
dative *(é)-oey *? *(é)-omos
locative *(é)-o, *(é)-oy *? *(é)-osu
instrumental *(é)-oh₁ *? *(é)-omis

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (lengthened acrostatic)

Suffix

*(ṓ)-s m

  1. Derives masculine acrostatic root nouns with lengthened o-grade nominative singular from roots.

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
singular
nominative *(ṓ)-s
genitive *(e)-és
singular dual plural
nominative *(ṓ)-s *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
vocative *(ó)- *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-es
accusative *(ó)-m̥ *(ó)-h₁(e) *(ó)-m̥s
genitive *(e)-és *? *(e)-óHom
ablative *(e)-és *? *(e)-mós
dative *(e)-éy *? *(e)-mós
locative *(ó)-, *(ó)-i *? *(e)-sú
instrumental *(e)-éh₁ *? *(e)-mís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (amphikinetic)

Descendants

  • Ancient Greek: -ς (-s)
  • Latin: -s

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 47
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 334-337
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