Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Compare *h₃rewH- (“to howl, shout, speak noisily”).

Root

*HrewdH-^[4]

to weep

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HrawdH-
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HrawdH-
  - Sanskrit: रुद् (rud)

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *HrewdH- (17 c, 0 e)

*HréwdH-ti ~ *HrudH-énti (athematic root present)
- Proto-Germanic: *reutaną
  - Proto-West Germanic: *reutan
    - Old English: rēotan
    - Old Saxon: *riotan
      - Middle Low German: rêten
    - Old High German: riozan, riuzan
      - Middle High German: riezen
  - Old Norse: rjóta
    - Icelandic: rjóta
    - Faroese: rjóta, rýta
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráwdHti ~ *Hrúdanti (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *roudō or *rudō
  - Latin: rūdō or rudō
*HrowdH-eh₂
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Lithuanian: raudà
*HrowdH-eh₂-ye-ti
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Latvian: raûdât
  - Lithuanian: raudóti
- Proto-Germanic: *rautōną
  - Old Norse: rauta
    - Icelandic: rauta (obsolete?)
    - Norwegian: raute, rauta
    - Swedish: röta (obsolete)
Unsorted formations:
- Proto-Albanian: *raudinja^[5]
  - Albanian: ryej
- Balto-Slavic:
  - Old Lithuanian: rausti
  - Proto-Slavic: *rydati (“to wail, weep”) (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 376

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “rydati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[3] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[4] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[5] Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “Proto-Indo-European/HrewdH-”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 376

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