Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰéydt

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root aorist of *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

Verb

*bʰéydt (perfective)[1]

  1. to split

Inflection

Perfective, athematic
3rd singular *bʰéydt
3rd plural *bʰidént
Active voice Indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *bʰéydm̥ — *bʰéydoh₂ *bʰidyéh₁m̥
2nd singular *bʰéyds *bʰéyd, *bʰiddʰí *bʰéydesi *bʰidyéh₁s
3rd singular *bʰéydt *bʰéydtu *bʰéydeti *bʰidyéh₁t
1st dual *bʰidwé — *bʰéydowos *bʰidih₁wé
2nd dual *bʰidtóm *bʰidtóm *bʰéydetes *bʰidih₁tóm
3rd dual *bʰidtā́m *bʰidtā́m *bʰéydetes *bʰidih₁tā́m
1st plural *bʰidmé — *bʰéydomos *bʰidih₁mé
2nd plural *bʰidté *bʰidté *bʰéydete *bʰidih₁té
3rd plural *bʰidént *bʰidéntu *bʰéydonti *bʰidih₁ént
Participle *bʰidónts
Middle voice Indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *bʰidh₂é — *bʰéydoh₂er *bʰidih₁h₂é
2nd singular *bʰidth₂é *bʰidsó *bʰéydeth₂er *bʰidih₁th₂é
3rd singular *bʰidtó, *bʰidó *? *bʰéydetor *bʰidih₁tó, *bʰidih₁ó
1st dual *bʰidwédʰh₂ — *bʰéydowosdʰh₂ *bʰidih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *?
1st plural *bʰidmédʰh₂ — *bʰéydomosdʰh₂ *bʰidih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural *bʰiddʰh₂wé *bʰiddʰh₂wé *bʰéydedʰh₂we *bʰidih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural *bʰidn̥tó, *bʰidró *? *bʰéydontor *bʰidih₁ró
Participle *bʰidm̥h₁nós

Descendants

  • Proto-Germanic: *bītaną (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: φείδομαι (pheídomai, “to spare”) (unclear semantic development)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hábʰayt

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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