Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bītaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰéydt, from *bʰeyd- (“to split”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈbiː.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bītaną

to bite

Inflection

Conjugation of *bītaną (strong class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*bītō	*bītaų	—	*bītai	?
2nd singular	*bītizi	*bītaiz	*bīt	*bītazai	*bītaizau
3rd singular	*bītidi	*bītai	*bītadau	*bītadai	*bītaidau
1st dual	*bītōz	*bītaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*bītadiz	*bītaidiz	*bītadiz	—	—
1st plural	*bītamaz	*bītaim	—	*bītandai	*bītaindau
2nd plural	*bītid	*bītaid	*bītid	*bītandai	*bītaindau
3rd plural	*bītandi	*bītain	*bītandau	*bītandai	*bītaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*bait	*bitį̄
2nd singular	*baist	*bitīz
3rd singular	*bait	*bitī
1st dual	*bitū	*bitīw
2nd dual	*bitudiz	*bitīdiz
1st plural	*bitum	*bitīm
2nd plural	*bitud	*bitīd
3rd plural	*bitun	*bitīn

	present	past
participles	*bītandz	*bitanaz

Derived terms

*baitijaną
*bītilaz (“beetle”, literally “biter”)
*bītilaz (“bite; small piece, bit”)
*bitiz (“bite”, noun)
- Proto-West Germanic: *biti
*bitô
*bitraz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *bītan
- Old English: bītan
  - Middle English: biten
    - English: bite
    - Scots: bite
- Old Frisian: bīta
  - Saterland Frisian: biete
  - West Frisian: bite
- Old Saxon: bītan
  - Middle Low German: bîten
    - Low German: bieten
- Old Dutch: *bītan
  - Middle Dutch: biten
    - Dutch: bijten
      - Afrikaans: byt
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: biti
      - Skepi Creole Dutch: bet, bit
      - →? Sranan Tongo: beti
    - Limburgish: biete
- Old High German: bīzan
  - Middle High German: bīzen
    - German: beißen
    - Hunsrik: beise
    - Luxembourgish: bäissen
    - Rhine Franconian: beiße
    - Vilamovian: bȧjsa
    - Yiddish: בײַסן (baysn)
Old Norse: bíta
- Icelandic: bíta
- Faroese: bíta
- Norwegian Nynorsk: bita
- Norwegian Bokmål: bite
- Elfdalian: baita
- Old Swedish: bīta
  - Swedish: bita
  - Scanian: bída
- Old Danish: bītæ
  - Danish: bide
- Gutnish: bäite
Gothic: 𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (beitan)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*bītan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 65

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*bītanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 46