Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/deḱ-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*deḱ-[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]

  1. to take
  2. to perceive

Descendants

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *deḱ- (13 c, 0 e)
  • *déḱ-t ~ *dḱ-ént (athematic root aorist)[1][2][3]
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *dḗḱ-ti ~ *déḱ-n̥ti (athematic Narten present)[2] or *dé-deḱ-ti ~ *dé-dḱ-n̥ti (reduplicated athematic present)[3][4][5]
    • ⇒ *dēḱ-wéh₂
      • Proto-Germanic: *tēwō (“order, array”) < *tēgwō (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *dēḱ-w-éye-ti
      • Proto-Germanic: *tēwijaną (“to order, arrange”)
        • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *tēwijaz (“ordered, ranked, classed”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *deśitei
      • Proto-Slavic: *desiti (“find, encounter”) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dā́ćti (“to worship”)
  • *dḱ-néw-ti ~ *dḱ-nw-énti (new-present)[2]
  • *de-dóḱ-e ~ *de-dḱ-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)[2][3][6]
  • *dḱ-eh₁-(yé)-ti (eh₁-stative)[2][7]
  • *di-dḱ-sé-ti (reduplicated desiderative)[2]
  • *di-dḱ-sḱé-ti (reduplicated sḱe-inchoative)[6]
    • Proto-Italic: *diskō
      • Latin: discō (“learn”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *doḱ-éye-ti (causative)[2][8][9]
    The LIV assigns Hittite 𒁕𒀀𒀝𒆠 (da-a-ak-ki /⁠dākki⁠/), 𒋫𒀝𒆠 (ta-ak-ki /⁠dakki⁠/, “resembles”, 3rd person singular present active), 𒈭𒃷𒍣 (ták-kán-zi /⁠takkanzi⁠/, “resemble”, 3rd person plural present active) and Ancient Greek δοκέω (dokéō, “think, suppose”) to this root. Kloekhorst rejects this in favor of *dok/ḱh₁éy, *dok/ḱh₁énti.[14] Beekes prefers to think of δοκέω (dokéō) as reflecting a deverbative derivation from δέχομαι (dékhomai).[15]
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Proto-Slavic: *dositi (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *dokeō
      • Latin: doceō (see there for further descendants)
  • *dḱ-tó-s
  • *dḱ-nó-s[7]
  • *doḱ-o-
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *doḱ-éh₂
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: δοχή (dokhḗ)
        • → Latin: doga (see there for further descendants)
  • *dóḱ-s(e)h₂
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *dóḱ-mn̥
    • Proto-Hellenic:
  • *déḱ-os ~ *déḱ-es- (“what is proper”)[7][10][11][12]
  • *déḱ-ōs ~ *déḱ-es-
  • *déḱ-s-
  • *déḱm̥ (“ten”) (+ *ḱm̥t/*ḱómt (“hand”))
  • *déḱ-weh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *tehwō (“order, array”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *dēḱ-wós

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “189”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 189 of 189, 190
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 109-112
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δέχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320-321
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “das1”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “desiti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 100
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “discō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 172
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “decet”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “doceō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “dositi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 94
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Karin Stüber (2006) “Die indogermanischen Ausdrücke für ‘rechts’ und ‘links’”. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction, 3, 61-72.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dexter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
  13. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “*dek-”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  14. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 937
  15. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “δοκέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 344-345
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