Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁énteros

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énteros

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*énteros

Etymology

From *h₁en (“in”) +‎ *-teros (contrastive suffix).

Adjective

*h₁énteros

inside, within

Inflection

Thematic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*h₁énteros	*h₁éntereh₂
genitive	*h₁énterosyo	*h₁éntereh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁énteros	*h₁énteroh₁	*h₁énteroes
vocative	*h₁éntere	*h₁énteroh₁	*h₁énteroes
accusative	*h₁énterom	*h₁énteroh₁	*h₁énteroms
genitive	*h₁énterosyo	*?	*h₁énteroHom
ablative	*h₁énteread	*?	*h₁énteromos
dative	*h₁énteroey	*?	*h₁énteromos
locative	h₁énterey, h₁énteroy	*?	*h₁énteroysu
instrumental	*h₁énteroh₁	*?	*h₁énterōys
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁éntereh₂	*h₁éntereh₂h₁(e)	*h₁éntereh₂es
vocative	*h₁éntereh₂	*h₁éntereh₂h₁(e)	*h₁éntereh₂es
accusative	*h₁énterām	*h₁éntereh₂h₁(e)	*h₁éntereh₂m̥s
genitive	*h₁éntereh₂s	*?	*h₁éntereh₂oHom
ablative	*h₁éntereh₂s	*?	*h₁éntereh₂mos
dative	*h₁éntereh₂ey	*?	*h₁éntereh₂mos
locative	h₁éntereh₂, h₁éntereh₂i	*?	*h₁éntereh₂su
instrumental	*h₁éntereh₂h₁	*?	*h₁éntereh₂mis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₁énterom	*h₁énteroy(h₁)	*h₁éntereh₂
vocative	*h₁énterom	*h₁énteroy(h₁)	*h₁éntereh₂
accusative	*h₁énterom	*h₁énteroy(h₁)	*h₁éntereh₂
genitive	*h₁énterosyo	*?	*h₁énteroHom
ablative	*h₁énteread	*?	*h₁énteromos
dative	*h₁énteroey	*?	*h₁énteromos
locative	h₁énterey, h₁énteroy	*?	*h₁énteroysu
instrumental	*h₁énteroh₁	*?	*h₁énterōys

Descendants

Proto-Armenian:
- ⇒ Old Armenian: ընդերք (ənderkʻ), ընտերք (ənterkʻ)
  - Armenian: ընդերք (ənderkʻ)
Proto-Hellenic: *énteros
- ⇒ Ancient Greek: ἔντερον (énteron)
  - Greek: έντερο (éntero)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hántaras
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hántaras
  - Sanskrit: अन्तर (ántara) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian: *Hántarah
  - Avestan: 𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬭𐬀 (aṇtara)
  - Western Iranian:
    - Northern Kurdish: hindirr (“inside”), hindurr, hindurrû, hundur
    - Old Persian: 𐎠𐎫𐎼 (aⁿtar, “among, within”)
      - Middle Persian: (/⁠andar⁠/)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (BYN), 𐭡𐭩𐭭 (ʾndr)
        Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫡 (ʾndr)
        Book Pahlavi script: (BY̲N), (ʾntl)
        Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮁𐮈𐮌 (BY̲N), 𐮀𐮌𐮑𐮊 (ʾntl)
        Pazend script: 𐬀𐬥𐬛𐬀𐬭 (andar)
        Classical Persian: اندر (andar)
        Dari: اندر (andar), در (dar)
        Iranian Persian: اندر (andar), در (dar)
        Tajik: андар (andar), дар (dar)
        → Hindi: अंदर (andar)
        → Urdu: اندر (andar)
      - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫗𐫅𐫡 (ʾndr /⁠andar⁠/)
Proto-Italic: *enteros
- Latin: *interus
  - ⇒ Latin: intrā (see there for further descendants); intrō (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Latin: interior (see there for further descendants)
- Venetic: 𐌀𐌕𐌓𐌀 (atra), 𐌀𐌍𐌕𐌓𐌀 (antra, “within”)

Related terms

*h₁entér (“within; between, among”)
*h₁éntrom ~ *h₁óntrom (“interior, core; innards, viscera”)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁énteros

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