Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁wérus

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₁wer- (“broad”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*h₁wérus[1]

  1. broad

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₁wérus *h₁uréwih₂
genitive *h₁uréws *h₁uruyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁wérus *h₁wéruh₁(e) *h₁wérewes
vocative *h₁wéru *h₁wéruh₁(e) *h₁wérewes
accusative *h₁wérum *h₁wéruh₁(e) *h₁wérums
genitive *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwoHom
ablative *h₁uréws *? *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos
dative *h₁uréwey *? *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos
locative *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi *? *h₁urúsu
instrumental *h₁urúh₁ *? *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁uréwih₂ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂es
vocative *h₁uréwih₂ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂es
accusative *h₁uréwih₂m̥ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₁uruyéh₂s *? *h₁uruyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₁uruyéh₂s *? *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos
dative *h₁uruyéh₂ey *? *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos
locative *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i *? *h₁uruyéh₂su
instrumental *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ *? *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₁wéru *h₁wérwih₁ *h₁wéruh₂
vocative *h₁wéru *h₁wérwih₁ *h₁wéruh₂
accusative *h₁wéru *h₁wérwih₁ *h₁wéruh₂
genitive *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwoHom
ablative *h₁uréws *? *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos
dative *h₁uréwey *? *h₁urúmos, *h₁urúbʰos
locative *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi *? *h₁urúsu
instrumental *h₁urúh₁ *? *h₁urúmis, *h₁urúbʰis

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₁urús *h₁uréwih₂
genitive *h₁uréws *h₁uruyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁urús *h₁urúh₁(e) *h₁urúes
vocative *h₁urú *h₁urúh₁(e) *h₁urúes
accusative *h₁urúm *h₁urúh₁(e) *h₁urúms
genitive *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwoHom
ablative *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos
dative *h₁uréwey *? *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos
locative *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi *? *h₁uréwsu
instrumental *h₁uréwh₁ *? *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₁uréwih₂ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂es
vocative *h₁uréwih₂ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂es
accusative *h₁uréwih₂m̥ *h₁uréwih₂h₁(e) *h₁uréwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₁uruyéh₂s *? *h₁uruyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₁uruyéh₂s *? *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos
dative *h₁uruyéh₂ey *? *h₁uruyéh₂mos, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰos
locative *h₁uruyéh₂, *h₁uruyéh₂i *? *h₁uruyéh₂su
instrumental *h₁uruyéh₂h₁ *? *h₁uruyéh₂mis, *h₁uruyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₁urú *h₁urúyh₁ *h₁urúh₂
vocative *h₁urú *h₁urúyh₁ *h₁urúh₂
accusative *h₁urú *h₁urúyh₁ *h₁urúh₂
genitive *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwoHom
ablative *h₁uréws *? *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos
dative *h₁uréwey *? *h₁uréwmos, *h₁uréwbʰos
locative *h₁uréw, *h₁uréwi *? *h₁uréwsu
instrumental *h₁uréwh₁ *? *h₁uréwmis, *h₁uréwbʰis

Derived terms

  • *h₁weru-no-
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hwárunas
  • *h₁weru-wokʷ-, *h₁uru-wkʷ- (“far-sounding”)

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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