Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂ent- (“face, forehead; front”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Reconstruction

According to Kloekhorst the paradigm can't be properly reconstructed due to ambiguity of the grammatical gender of Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za), which could have been either common or neuter. Therefore Ancient Greek ἄντα (ánta) could either reflect *h₂ént-h̥₂ or *h₂ént-m̥.

Noun

*h₂énts m or f or *h₂ént n

Inflection

In case it was animate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂énts
genitive	*h₂n̥tés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂énts	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntes
vocative	*h₂ént	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntes
accusative	*h₂éntm̥	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntm̥s
genitive	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tóHom
ablative	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
dative	*h₂n̥téy	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
locative	h₂ént, h₂énti	*?	*h₂n̥tsú
instrumental	*h₂n̥téh₁	*?	*h₂n̥tmís

In case it was inanimate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂ént
genitive	*h₂n̥tés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
vocative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
accusative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
genitive	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tóHom
ablative	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
dative	*h₂n̥téy	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
locative	h₂ént, h₂énti	*?	*h₂n̥tsú
instrumental	*h₂n̥téh₁	*?	*h₂n̥tmís

Derived terms

*h₂énti (locative singular)
*h₂entó ((fossilized) allative singular)
- Proto-Germanic: *anda- (“against”) (see there for further descendants)
- >? Proto-Tocharian: *ā́ntë (“in front”) (see there for further descendants)
*h₂n̥tbʰi (from the instrumental plural)
- *h₂m̥bʰi

Descendants

Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: ἄντα (ánta) (either from accusative singular *h₂éntm̥ or from accusative plural *h₂énth̥₂)
- Ancient Greek: ἄντην (ántēn)

References

^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[1] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énts

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