Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂nḗr

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*h₂nḗr m^[1]

1. man
2. power, force, vital energy

• Note: an alternative form, *éh₂nōr, and feminine derivation, *h₂nerih₂, are seen in many Ancient Greek compounds (i.e. -ήνωρ and -άνειρα), probably reanalysed from archaic compounds.

• *h₂ner-to- (“virile, strong”)
  • Proto-Celtic: *nertom (“strength”) (see there for further descendants)

• Proto-Albanian: *nera (see there for further descendants)
• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒅔𒈾𒊏𒉿𒀭𒋫 (innarawant-)
  • Luwian: 𒀭𒅈𒌝𒈪 (ānnara/i, “forceful, virile”)
  • Lydian: 𐤫𐤵𐤭𐤮 (nãrs)
• Armenian: *aynr < *anir
  • Old Armenian: այր (ayr); առն (aṙn, gen.sg.) < *h₂n̥rós
  • Old Armenian: (?) այրի (ayri, “husbandless”) < *n̥-Hnēr-yeh₂
• (perhaps, though Derksen does not support this) Balto-Slavic:
  • Lithuanian: nóras (“will”)
  • Old Prussian: nertien (“anger”)
  • Proto-Slavic: *norvъ (“custom, manner”) (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Celtic: *neros, with thematicized full-grade leveled from *h₂nérm̥ (accusative singular)
• Proto-Hellenic: *anḗr (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hnā́ (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Italic: *nēr (see there for further descendants)
• Phrygian: αναρ (anar)

• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 366