Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃dónts

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

Ultimately an active participle of the root *h₃ed- (“to bite”) +‎ *-ónts (active participle suffix). This noun is usually reconstructed with the initial *h₁ and thus explained as active participle of the verb *h₁ed- (“to eat”). However, Aeolic ἔδοντες (édontes) appears to be a folk-etymological adaptation to ἔδω (édō), and the initial ἔ- (é-) is hence no evidence for *h₁-. Old Armenian ատամն (atamn) also points to *h₃-, as well as a prefixed Greek derivative νωδός (nōdós), which requires *n̥-h₃d- (where */h₃/ was regularly vocalized to ό in interconsonantal position).

Noun

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2=*h₃dn̥t-
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*h₃dónts m

  1. tooth
    Synonym: *ǵómbʰos

Declension

Athematic, hysterokinetic
singular
nominative *h₃dónts
genitive *h₃dn̥tés
singular dual plural
nominative *h₃dónts *h₃dónth₁(e) *h₃dóntes
vocative *h₃dónt *h₃dónth₁(e) *h₃dóntes
accusative *h₃dóntm̥ *h₃dónth₁(e) *h₃dóntm̥s
genitive *h₃dn̥tés *? *h₃dn̥tóHom
ablative *h₃dn̥tés *? *h₃dn̥tmós
dative *h₃dn̥téy *? *h₃dn̥tmós
locative *h₃dónt, *h₃dónti *? *h₃dn̥tsú
instrumental *h₃dn̥téh₁ *? *h₃dn̥tmís

Derived terms

  • *h₃dent-ós
    • Proto-Germanic: *tindaz (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₃dént-ō ~ *h₃dn̥t-nés
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hdántā
      • Proto-Iranian: *Hdántā (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₃dént-sneh₂ (root noun)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *déntsnāˀ (see there for further descendants)
  • *h₃dónt-o-s
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hdántas (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Proto-Armenian: *ataman
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dantís (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dentís (< *h₃dént-s) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *dant (< *h₃dń̥t-) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *tanþs (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ *tunþskaz (“canine tooth; tusk”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *odónts (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hdáns (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *dents (< *h₃dént-s) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “dēns”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 166-167
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