Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nókʷts
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Pooth argues that the word derives from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”), and that the ablaut variants *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- should be analyzed as two separate words, *négʷts and *nógʷts, root nouns meaning "dusk" and "night" respectively, or originally "getting bare (of sunlight)" (action noun) and "the result of getting bare (of sunlight)" (noun with detransitive or middle meaning marked by the vowel *o). This analysis differs from the traditional one, in which *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- are simply ablaut variants used in different parts of the nominal paradigm, with no difference in meaning.
Kloekhorst cites Kroonen that *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) is from *dʰnegʷ- and assumes the initial was dropped "at an early stage".
Noun
*nókʷts f
- night (or possibly 'evening')
Inflection
| Athematic, acrostatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *nókʷts | ||
| genitive | *nékʷts | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *nókʷts | *nókʷth₁(e) | *nókʷtes |
| vocative | *nókʷt | *nókʷth₁(e) | *nókʷtes |
| accusative | *nókʷtm̥ | *nókʷth₁(e) | *nókʷtm̥s |
| genitive | *nékʷts | *? | *nékʷtoHom |
| ablative | *nékʷts | *? | *nékʷtmos, *nékʷtbʰos |
| dative | *nékʷtey | *? | *nékʷtmos, *nékʷtbʰos |
| locative | *nékʷt, *nékʷti | *? | *nékʷtsu |
| instrumental | *nékʷth₁ | *? | *nékʷtmis, *nékʷtbʰis |
Derived terms
- *nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s
- *nokʷt-ew-yo-s
- Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *naktā (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Anatolian:
- Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒊻 (ne-ku-uz /nekuz/, “at eventide”, gen.sg.)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *náktis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *noxs (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *nahts (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *nukts
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nákts
- Proto-Italic: *nokts
- Latin: nox (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Pooth, Roland A. (2015) “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2014) “The Proto-Indo-European Acrostatic Inflection Reconsidered”, in Norbert Oettinger & Thomas Steer, editors, Das Nomen im Indogermanischen, Wiesbade: Reichert Verlag, page 161 of 140–163
- ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 302
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “nekcīye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 363
- ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “neku-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 695-696
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*noxtV-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 293-294
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*naht-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 381
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “νύξ, νυκτός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1027
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “nákt-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 2-3
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “nox”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 416-417
Further reading
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN