Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/unhtwǭ

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *n̥kʷ-tw-, derived from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts. Compare Sanskrit अक्तु (aktú, “dark, night”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈũːx.twɔ̃ː/

Noun

*unhtwǭ f

last part of the night

Inflection

ōn-stemDeclension of *unhtwǭ (ōn-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*unhtwǭ	*unhtwōniz
vocative	*unhtwǭ	*unhtwōniz
accusative	*unhtwōnų	*unhtwōnunz
genitive	*unhtwōniz	*unhtwōnǫ̂
dative	*unhtwōni	*unhtwōmaz
instrumental	*unhtwōnē	*unhtwōmiz

Related terms

*nahts

Descendants

Old English: ūht (< *unhtwaz), ūhta (< *unhtwô)
- Middle English: *uht (found in compound uhtsang, uhtsong); Middle English: uhhtenn, uȝten, ughten, oughten (< Old English ūhtan, oblique form)
Old Saxon: ūhta
- Middle Low German: uchte
  - German Low German: Uchte, Ucht
  - → German: Uchte (“midnight mass”) (regional)
Old Dutch: *ūhto
- Middle Dutch: uchte, ochte (various forms are attested, including nuchte through rebracketing, uchten/ochten from the case forms, and rarely uchtent/ochtent from the previous by analogy with avont (“evening”))
  - Dutch: ochtend, (obsolete) nuchtend
    - Afrikaans: oggend
    - Jersey Dutch: óxtent
Old High German: uohta (irregular); *ūhta
- Middle High German: uohte, ūhte (both rare)
  - German: Ucht, Aucht (both only in placenames and compounds)
Old Norse: ótta, óttask
- Icelandic: ótta, óttast
- Faroese: óttast
- Norwegian Nynorsk: otta, ottast
- Old Swedish: ōtta, ōta
  - Swedish: otte, otta
- Danish: otte
  - Norwegian Bokmål: otte
Gothic: 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 (ūhtwō)

References

Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 559-560