Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/táwros

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

*(s)téh₂wros

Etymology

Borrowed from or into Proto-Semitic *ṯawr- (“bull, ox”), or both originated from a common unknown source. (The unconditioned /a/ suggests a non-Indo-European etymon.)

Noun

*táwros m (non-ablauting)^[1]^[2]^[3]

wild bull, aurochs

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*táwros
genitive	*táwrosyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*táwros	*táwroh₁	*táwroes
vocative	*táwre	*táwroh₁	*táwroes
accusative	*táwrom	*táwroh₁	*táwroms
genitive	*táwrosyo	*?	*táwroHom
ablative	*táwread	*?	táwromos, táwrobʰos
dative	*táwroey	*?	táwromos, táwrobʰos
locative	táwrey, táwroy	*?	*táwroysu
instrumental	*táwroh₁	*?	*táwrōys

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *taura (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *taurás (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *steuraz, *þeuraz (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *tarwos (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *táuros (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *stáwras (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Italic: *tauros (see there for further descendants)
Lusitanian: taurom

References

^ Mallory, James Patrick (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, →ISBN, page 150
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 82
^ Anthony, David (2007) The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 147

[1] Mallory, James Patrick (1989) In Search of the Indo-Europeans, Thames and Hudson, →ISBN, page 150

[2] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 82

[3] Anthony, David (2007) The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World, Princeton University Press, →ISBN, page 147

[1]

[2]

[3]

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/táwros

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