Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyk-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*weyk-^[1][2]

1. to sift, separate

• *h₂weyk^[2]

• *wi-né-k-ti ~ wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *winákti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *winákti
      • Sanskrit: विनक्ति (vinákti, “to winnow; to discern”)
  • Proto-Anatolian:
    • >? Hittite: 𒄷𒌋𒉌𒅅𒍣 (ḫu-u-ni-ik-zi, “strikes”) (if originally “to select a sacrificial animal”)^[2]
• ? *wi-wéyk-ti ~ *wi-wik-énti (reduplicated athematic present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wiwaikti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wiwaikti
      • Sanskrit: विवेक्षि (vivekṣi, 2sg.) (meaning disputed, probably from root विष् (viṣ, “to work, be active”)^[3])
• *wik-néh₂-ti
  • Proto-Germanic: *wikkōną (“to practice sorcery”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wéyk-o-s
  • Proto-Germanic: *wīhaz (“sacred”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wik-tm̥mó-
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: victima (“sacrificial victim”) (see there for further descendants)

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “1. u̯eik ‚aussondern‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1128

*weyk- (perfective)^[1]

1. to overcome

• *wik-é-ti (zero-grade thematic root present)^[1]
  • Proto-Celtic: *wiketi (“to fight”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wiganą (“to fight”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wi-né-k-ti ~ *wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)^[1]
  • Proto-Italic: *winkō
    • Latin: vincō (“to defeat”)
• *wéyk-ye-ti (ye-present)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: vei̇̃kti (“to do, work”)
• *wéyk-tōr ~ *wik-tr-és
  • Italic: *wiktōr
    • Latin: victor (“victor”)
• *wóyk-os
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wáikas
    • Lithuanian: viẽkas (“strength, age”)
    • Proto-Slavic: *věkъ (“age”) (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: vīkt (“bend”)

• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. u̯eik ‚energische, bes. feindselige Kraftäußerung‘”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1128

*weyk-^[1][2]

1. to be fitting, to equal

• *we-wóyk-e (perfect)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἔοικα (éoika, “to resemble”)
• *wik-sḱé-ti (sḱé-present)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ἴσκω (ískō, “to imitate”)
• *wéyk-ō ~ *wik-nés
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: εἰκών (eikṓn, “image”)

*weyk-^[1]

1. to curve, bend
2. to exchange

• *weyg-

• *wéyk-e-ti (root present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *wéikō
    • >? Ancient Greek: εἴκω (eíkō, “to yield, give way”) (could be from *weyg- (“to go away”) too)
• *wi-né-k-ti ~ *wi-n-k-énti (nasal-infix present)
  • Proto-Italic: *winkjō
    • Latin: vinciō (“to bind, tie up”)
• *wik-i-s
  • Proto-Italic: *wikis
    • Latin: vicis (“turn, occasion”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒ *weyk-i-eh₂
    • Proto-Italic: *wikiā
      • >? Latin: vicia (“vetch”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wéyk-s (root noun)
  • ⇒? Proto-Italic: *ker-weiks (literally “where the head turns”) (+ *ḱérh₂-s (“head”))
    • Latin: cervīx (“neck”) (see there for further descendants)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Albanian: *uig-^[2]
    • Albanian: vig (“stretcher”)
      • Albanian: vigan (“giant”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wíkti
    • Proto-Iranian: *wíxti
      • Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬘 (vij, “to shake”)
      • Middle Persian: (wyc- /⁠wēz-⁠/, “to swing, fling, sprinkle”)
      • > Proto-Iranian: *ṷi-wíxti:
        • Middle Persian: (whyc /⁠wihēz⁠/, “to move, progress”), (whyck' /⁠wihēzag⁠/, “intercalary month”)
          • Persian: بهیزه (behize, “intercalary month in the Zoroastrian calendar”)
      • Sodgian:

        Christian Sogdian: ܘܝܨ (wyc /⁠wēč⁠/, “to move, shake”)

        Buddhaist Sogdian: 𐼴𐼷𐼿 (wyc /⁠wēč⁠/, “to move, shake”)

      • Persian:بیختن (bixtan, “to shake”) , آویختن (âvixtan, “to hang, suspend”)
      • Baluchi:گتک (gētk, “to put, swim, turn towards, abort”)
      • Zazaki: vijyanyış (vīžyāyiš, “to come out, appear”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wihslaz (“change”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wīkwaną (“to yield, retreat”)