Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/weyp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*weyp- or *weyb-^{[1][2][3][4][5][6]}

1. to shake, tremble, agitate
2. to swing, sway
3. to turn, wind, rotate, wrap (around)

• *wéyp-t ~ *wip-ént (athematic root aorist)^[2]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: विपान (vipāná, ptc.med.)
• *wéyp-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Germanic: *wīpaną (from *wéyb-eti) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wáypati (“to tremble”) (see there for further descendants)
• *woyp-éye-ti (causative)
  • Proto-Germanic: *waibijaną (“to wind (around), wrap”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *waibjō
      • Old Norse: veifa (“flag”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waypáyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waypáyati
      • Sanskrit: वेपयति (vepáyati, “to cause to tremble, agitate, shake, move”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *waypáyati
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (vaēpaiieⁱti)^[6]
• *we-wóyp-e ~ *we-wip-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)^[2]
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: विविप्रे (vivipre, 3pl.med.)
• *wi-né-b-ti ~ *wi-m-b-énti
  • Proto-Germanic: *wimpaną
    • ⇒? Proto-Germanic: *wimpilaz (“wrapped cloth, scarf, wimple”) (see there for further descendants)
• *wip-rós (“trembling, swinging, agitated”)^[7]
  • Proto-Germanic: *wibraz (“missile, sword”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wiprás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *wibrāō (“trembling”)^[7]
    • Latin: vibrō (“to move to and fro”) (see there for further descendants)
• *woyp-eh₂yéti
  • Proto-Germanic: *waibōną
    • Old English: wāfian (“to be agitated, to stare in amazement”)
• *weyp-s-
  • *weyps-eh₁yéti
    • Proto-Slavic: *visěti (see there for further descendants)
  • *woyps-yeh₂yéti
    • Proto-Slavic: *věšati
• Unsorted formations:
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Latvian: viẽptiês, viêptiês (“to rotate, twist, makea face, grimace”)
    • Latvian: vaîbît, vaîbu, vaîbît (“to distort, adjust (one's face)”)
    • Latvian: viêbt, viêbju, viêbĩju (“to adjust (one's face)”)
    • Latvian: vìepe (“covering, casing, linen envelope”)
    • Latvian: viept, viepju, viepu (“to cover, distort (one's face)”)
    • Lithuanian: viẽpti, viẽpia, viẽpē (“to make a face, gape”)
    • Lithuanian: vaipī́tis (“to grimace, make a sour face, bend”)
    • Lithuanian: vī́burti, vī́buria, vī́burē (“swing, turn around, flutter”)
    • Lithuanian: vìpti, vim̃pa, vìpo (“to fall off, gape”)
    • Lithuanian: vỹpti, vỹpsta, vỹpo (“to bend”)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waypas
    • Proto-Iranian: *waypah (“inspired song”) (possibly)
      • → Old Armenian: վէպ (vēp)
  • Tocharian:
    • Tocharian B: wip-, wīpäṣṣäṃ (“to shake, swing”, 3s.)
    • Tocharian B: waipalau, waiwalau (“vertigo, giddiness”)
    • Tocharian B: waipe* (m.sg.), waipe (“banner, flag”, obl.sg.)