Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰʰánti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.

Verb

*ǰʰánti^[1]

to strike, slay, kill

Inflection

Nonfinite forms of *ǰʰánti

Infinitive	*ǰʰántum
Gerund	*ǰʰantwáH
Past passive participle	*ǰʰatás
Future passive participle	*gʰā́tyas

Present forms of *ǰʰánti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*ǰʰánmi	*ǰʰanwás	*ǰʰanmás	*gʰnáy	*ǰʰanwádʰHay	*ǰʰanmádʰHay	*ǰʰanyáy	*ǰʰanyáHwadʰHay	*ǰʰanyáHmadʰHay
2nd	*ǰʰansi	*ǰʰatʰás	*ǰʰatʰá	*ǰʰasáy	*gʰnā́tʰay	*ǰʰadʰHwáy	*ǰʰanyásay	*ǰʰanyáytʰay	*ǰʰanyádʰHway
3rd	*ǰʰánti	*ǰʰátás	*gʰnánti	*ǰʰatáy	*gʰnā́tay	*gʰnatáy	*ǰʰanyátay	*ǰʰanyáytay	*ǰʰanyántay
Imperative
1st	*ǰʰánaHni	*ǰʰánaHwa	*ǰʰánaHma	*ǰʰánaHy	*ǰʰanáHwadʰHaHy	*ǰʰanáHmadʰHaHy	*ǰʰanyáHy	*ǰʰanyáHwadʰHaHy	*ǰʰanyáHmadʰHaHy
2nd	*ǰʰadʰí	*ǰʰatám	*ǰʰntá	*ǰʰaswá	*gʰnā́tʰām	*ǰʰadʰHwám	*ǰʰanyáswa	*ǰʰanyáytʰām	*ǰʰanyádʰHwam
3rd	*ǰʰántu	*ǰʰatā́m	*gʰnántu	*ǰʰatā́m	*gʰnā́tām	*gʰnatā́m	*ǰʰanyátām	*ǰʰanyáytām	*ǰʰanyántam
Optative
1st	*ǰʰanyáHm	*ǰʰanyáHwa	*ǰʰanyáHmas	*gʰniHá	*gʰniHwádʰHi	*gʰniHmádʰHi	*ǰʰanyáyHa	*ǰʰanyáywadʰHi	*ǰʰanyáymadʰHi
2nd	*ǰʰanyáHs	*ǰʰanyáHtam	*ǰʰanyáHta	*gʰniHtʰā́s	*gʰniHā́tʰām	*gʰniHdʰHwám	*ǰʰanyáytʰās	*ǰʰanyáyHātʰām	*ǰʰanyáydʰHwam
3rd	*ǰʰanyáHt	*ǰʰanyáHtām	*ǰʰanyáHyunt	*gʰniHtá	*gʰniHātām	*gʰniHránt	*ǰʰanyáyta	*ǰʰanyáyHātām	*ǰʰanyáyrant
Participles	*gʰnánt			*ǰʰanaHnás			*ǰʰanyámHnas

Imperfect forms of *ǰʰánti

	Active			Middle			Passive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
1st	*áǰʰanam	*aǰʰanwá	*aǰʰanmá	*agʰnHí	*aǰʰanwádʰHi	*aǰʰanmádʰHi	*aǰʰanyáy	*aǰʰanyáHwadʰHi	*aǰʰanyáHmadʰHi
2nd	*áǰʰans	*aǰʰatám	*aǰʰatá	*aǰʰatʰā́s	*agʰnáHtʰām	*aǰʰadʰHwám	*aǰʰanyátʰās	*aǰʰanyáytʰām	*aǰʰanyádʰHwam
3rd	*áǰʰant	*aǰʰatā́m	*agʰnánt	*aǰʰatá	*agʰnáHtām	*agʰnatá	*aǰʰanyáta	*aǰʰanyáytām	*aǰʰanyánta

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰánti
- Sanskrit: हन्ति (hánti)
Proto-Iranian: *ǰánti^[2]
- Avestan: 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (jaⁱṇti)
- Northern Kurdish: jenîn, jendin (“to hit, to strike; to play an instrument”)
- Old Persian: 𐎩𐎫𐎡𐎹 (j-t-i-y /⁠jaⁿtiy⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (znyt /⁠zanēd⁠/)
    - Persian: زدن (zadan)
    - Parthian: 𐫋𐫗𐫏𐫅 (jnyd /⁠zanēd⁠/)
  - Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫋𐫗𐫏𐫅 (jnyd /⁠zanēd⁠/)
Proto-Nuristani: *ǰánati
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ǰaňë́-
    
    Kativiri: ǰařé-
  - Prasuni: žnü-
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Waigali: ẓã-

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “han”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 224-225

[IAIL-1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “han”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 224-225

[1]

[2]