Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰénti

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic root present of *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay, kill”).

Verb

*gʷʰénti (imperfective)

  1. to be striking down, killing, slaying

Inflection

Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular *gʷʰénti
3rd plural *gʷʰnénti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *gʷʰénmi *gʷʰénm̥ — *gʷʰénoh₂ *gʷʰn̥yéh₁m̥
2nd singular *gʷʰénsi *gʷʰéns *gʷʰén, *gʷʰn̥dʰí *gʷʰénesi *gʷʰn̥yéh₁s
3rd singular *gʷʰénti *gʷʰént *gʷʰéntu *gʷʰéneti *gʷʰn̥yéh₁t
1st dual *gʷʰn̥wós *gʷʰn̥wé — *gʷʰénowos *gʷʰnih₁wé
2nd dual *gʷʰn̥tés *gʷʰn̥tóm *gʷʰn̥tóm *gʷʰénetes *gʷʰnih₁tóm
3rd dual *gʷʰn̥tés *gʷʰn̥tā́m *gʷʰn̥tā́m *gʷʰénetes *gʷʰnih₁tā́m
1st plural *gʷʰn̥mós *gʷʰn̥mé — *gʷʰénomos *gʷʰnih₁mé
2nd plural *gʷʰn̥té *gʷʰn̥té *gʷʰn̥té *gʷʰénete *gʷʰnih₁té
3rd plural *gʷʰnénti *gʷʰnént *gʷʰnéntu *gʷʰénonti *gʷʰnih₁ént
Participle *gʷʰnónts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *gʷʰn̥h₂ér *gʷʰn̥h₂é — *gʷʰénoh₂er *gʷʰnih₁h₂é
2nd singular *gʷʰn̥th₂ér *gʷʰn̥th₂é *gʷʰn̥só *gʷʰéneth₂er *gʷʰnih₁th₂é
3rd singular *gʷʰn̥tór, *gʷʰnór *gʷʰn̥tó, *gʷʰnó *? *gʷʰénetor *gʷʰnih₁tó, *gʷʰnih₁ó
1st dual *gʷʰn̥wósdʰh₂ *gʷʰn̥wédʰh₂ — *gʷʰénowosdʰh₂ *gʷʰnih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *gʷʰn̥mósdʰh₂ *gʷʰn̥médʰh₂ — *gʷʰénomosdʰh₂ *gʷʰnih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé *gʷʰn̥dʰh₂wé *gʷʰénedʰh₂we *gʷʰnih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural *gʷʰn̥rór, *gʷʰnn̥tór *gʷʰn̥ró, *gʷʰnn̥tó *? *gʷʰénoror, *gʷʰénontor *gʷʰnih₁ró, *gʷʰnih₁n̥tó
Participle *gʷʰnm̥h₁nós

Descendants

  • Proto-Anatolian: *gʷénti
  • Armenian:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gúntei (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *gʷaneti (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰánti (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kue(n)-zi / kun- / kuu̯a(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 561-562
  2. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “ǰin”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 558-559
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
  4. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gʷan-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 144
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