Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰen-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷʰen- (imperfective)

  1. to strike, slay, kill

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen- (42 c, 0 e)
  • *gʷʰén-ti ~ *gʷʰn-énti (athematic root present)
  • *gʷʰén-dʰh₁e-ti (dʰh₁-present)
    • Proto-Italic: *fendō (or < *gʷʰn̥dʰi (“strike!”, pr.ipv.sg.))
      • Latin: *fendō
        • ⇒ Latin: dēfendō (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Latin: offendō (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰén-tōr ~ *gʷʰn̥-tr-és (“one who strikes, kills”)
  • *gʷʰn̥-tó-s (“slain, killed”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰətós (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰatás (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰon-éh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *banō (“cleared path; battlefield”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰón-i ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és
    • Proto-Celtic: *gʷoni (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰón-i-s ~ *gʷʰn̥-y-és
  • *gʷʰón-ō
    • Proto-Germanic: *banô (“murderer”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *gʷʰón-yeh₂
    • Proto-Germanic: *banjō (“wound”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰan-
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
      • Sanskrit: हन् (han, “to kill”, root)
    • Proto-Iranian: *ǰan-
      • Persian: زَن (zan, “strike, beat”)

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “gu̯hen-(ə)-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 491-493
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*gu̯ʰen-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 218-219
  3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 224-225
  4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “-fendō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 210-211
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, § 218
  6. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*ǰinǰ-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 559
  7. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “genėti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 170-171
  8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žę̀ti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 561
  9. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θείνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 536-537
  10. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “kue(n)-zi / kun- / kuu̯a(n)-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 561-562
  11. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “käsk-”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 189
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*jaθra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 141–142
  13. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “gan”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 198
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