Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰéntis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”) +‎ *-tis (abstract or action suffix).

Noun

*gʷʰéntis f

striking, killing

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*gʷʰéntis
genitive	*gʷʰn̥téys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gʷʰéntis	*gʷʰéntih₁(e)	*gʷʰénteyes
vocative	*gʷʰénti	*gʷʰéntih₁(e)	*gʷʰénteyes
accusative	*gʷʰéntim	*gʷʰéntih₁(e)	*gʷʰéntims
genitive	*gʷʰn̥téys	*?	*gʷʰn̥téyoHom
ablative	*gʷʰn̥téys	*?	gʷʰn̥tímos, gʷʰn̥tíbʰos
dative	*gʷʰn̥téyey	*?	gʷʰn̥tímos, gʷʰn̥tíbʰos
locative	gʷʰn̥téy, gʷʰn̥tḗy	*?	*gʷʰn̥tísu
instrumental	*gʷʰn̥tíh₁	*?	gʷʰn̥tímis, gʷʰn̥tíbʰis

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *gunþiz (via an intermediate form where *gʷʰ delabialized to *gʰ) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰátis
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰátiṣ
  - Sanskrit: हति (hati)
- Proto-Iranian: *ǰánti
  - Eastern Iranian:
    - Avestan: 𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (jaⁱṇti)
  - Southwestern Iranian:
    - Old Persian: 𐎩𐎫𐎡𐎹 (jaⁿtiy, “to strike, defeat”) (root (/⁠ja(n)-⁠/))
      - Middle Persian: (MHYTWN-n /⁠zadan⁠/) (root (zn- /⁠zan-⁠/))
        Persian: زدن (zadan)

References

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN