Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kšiHrám

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; possibly cognate with Albanian hirrë (“whey”),^[1] perhaps both borrowed from an Asiatic substrate language,^[2]^[3] or possibly further connected to Proto-West Germanic *hwaij (“whey”), from Proto-Indo-European *tkʷeyH-, *tkʷeHy-.^[4]^[5]

Noun

*kšiHrám n^[6]^[7]

milk
Synonym: *páyHas

Declension

neuter a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kšiHrám	*kšiHráy	*kšiHráH
vocative	*kšiHrám	*kšiHráy	*kšiHráH
accusative	*kšiHrám	*kšiHráy	*kšiHráH
instrumental	*kšiHrā́	*kšiHráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kšiHrā́yš
ablative	*kšiHrā́t	*kšiHráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kšiHráybʰyas
dative	*kšiHrā́y	*kšiHráybʰyaH, -ā́bʰyām	*kšiHráybʰyas
genitive	*kšiHrásya	*kšiHráyās	*kšiHrā́na(H)m
locative	*kšiHráy	*kšiHráyaw	*kšiHráyšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kṣiHrám
- Sanskrit: क्षीर (kṣīrá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *xšiHrám (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Pedersen, Holger (1895) “Das Indogermanische im Slawischen”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 5, page 45
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 262
^ Rasmussen, J.E. (1990) “Germanic Verschärfung: tying up loose ends”, in Historical Linguistics 1987: papers from the 8th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Lille, 1987
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hwaja- ~ *huja-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 261-262
^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ksīrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 433
^
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Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582

[1] Pedersen, Holger (1895) “Das Indogermanische im Slawischen”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (in German), volume 5, page 45

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (1999) “The Indo-Iranian substratum”, in Early Contacts between Uralic and Indo-European: Linguistic and Archaeological Considerations‎, Helsinki

[3] Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 262

[4] Rasmussen, J.E. (1990) “Germanic Verschärfung: tying up loose ends”, in Historical Linguistics 1987: papers from the 8th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Lille, 1987

[5] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hwaja- ~ *huja-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 261-262

[6] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “ksīrá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 433

[7] {The template Template:R:ine:HCHIEL does not use the parameter(s): vol=I
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582

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