Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krā́mHti

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

	A user suggests that this Proto-Indo-Iranian reconstruction entry be moved, merged or split, giving the reason: “to be merged with *krā́mHati”.
	Please see the discussion on Requests for moves, mergers and splits⁽⁺⁾ for more information and remove this template after the request has been fulfilled.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown;^[1] presumably from earlier *krḗmH-ti ~ *krémH-n̥ti.^[2]

Verb

*krā́mHti^[2]

to stride, go
Synonym: *krā́mHati

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *krā́mHati
- Sanskrit: क्रामति (krāmati)
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: क्रम (kráma) (see there for further descendants)
  - ⇒ Sanskrit: सम्क्रम (samkramá, “passage, bridge”)^[3]
    - Assamese: সাঁকো (xãkü)
    - Bengali: সাঁকো (śãkō)
    - Hindi: साँका (sā̃kā), साँखो (sā̃kho), साँखू (sā̃khū), साँखा (sā̃khā)
    - Kumaoni: साँगो, साँङो
    - Marathi: सांकव (sāṅkav), सांकू (sāṅkū)
    - Nepali: साँगु (sā̃gu), साँघु (sā̃ghu)
    - Odia: ସାଙ୍କୁଆ (sāṅkuā)
    - Pali: saṅkama
Proto-Iranian: *xrā́mHti^[1]^[4]
- Old Persian: *xrāmiti
  - ⇒ Old Persian: *āxrāmiti (+ 𐎠 (a-)^[1])
    - Middle Persian: (“to stride”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫖 (ʾxrʾm)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: (ʾhlʾmydyt /⁠āxrāmēd⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)
      - Classical Persian: خرامیدن (xirāmidan, xarāmidan)
        Iranian Persian: خرامیدن (xarâmidan)
        
        Dari: خرامیدن (xirâmidan)
        
        Tajik: хиромидан (xiromidan)
- Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *ǧrāmiti
  - Wakhi: čərəmd, čirimd (3sg.), čərəng (pf.), črəngtu, črəngtыw (“to go in, enter”, subj.)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *tiǧrāmiti (+ *ti- < *ati-^[5])
    - Proto-Saka: *tīrāmiti
      - Khotanese: (trāmäte, “to enter, cross”)
- Sogdian: (/⁠xrām⁠/, “to move, go”, 2sg.pres.impv.)
  Manichaean script: 𐫟𐫡𐫀𐫖 (xrʾm)
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼲𐽀𐼰𐼺 (ɣrʾm)
  
  Old Sogdian script: 𐼄𐼘𐼀𐼍 (ɣrʾm), 𐼉𐼘𐼀𐼍 (xrʾm)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xrāmH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kramⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “12834”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “čərm-, čər(ə)m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 136
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tram-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 142-143

[EDIV-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*xrāmH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449

[IAIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kramⁱ”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[3] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “12834”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[4] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “čərm-, čər(ə)m-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 136

[5] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “tram-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, pages 142-143

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/krā́mHti

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Verb

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia