Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/mr̥Hdʰā́

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ.

*mr̥Hdʰā́ m

1. forehead, head

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *mr̥Hdʰā́
  • Sanskrit: मूर्धन् (mūrdhán)
    • Dardic:
      • Chilisso: (mudə)
      • Grangali: (mūndə, “neck”)
      • Kalasha: mọn
      • Northeast Pashayi: (muda, “upwards”)
      • Northwest Pashayi: (mundā)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Sinhalese: මුදුන (muduna)
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
      • Assamese: মূধ (mudh, “ridge of the roof”)
      • Old Bengali: মোঢ (moḍha)
        • Middle Bengali: মোঢ় (mōṛh)
          • Bengali: মোড় (mōṛ, “roadhead”)
          • Bengali: মউড়া (mouṛa, “forefront”)
          • Bengali: মুড়ো (muṛō, “terminal”)
      • Bihari: मूढ (mūṛh, “root of sugarcane”)
        • Maithili: मुड (mūṛ)
      • Odia: ମୁଣ୍ଡ (muṇḍa)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
      • Marathi: मुंढी (muṇḍhī)
    • Pali: muddhan
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀫𑀼𑀟𑁆𑀠 (muḍḍha), 𑀫𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 (muddha)
      • Garhwali: मुंड (muṇḍ)
      • Gujarati: મંડી (maṇḍī)
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: मुढ (muḍh)

      • Kumaoni: मुंड (muṇḍ)
      • Nepali: मुंड (muṇḍa)
      • Punjabi: ਮੁੱਢ (muḍḍha), ਮੁੰਢ (muṇḍh)
      • Sindhi: मुण्ढु (muṇḍhu), मुण्ढी f (muṇḍhī)
• Proto-Iranian: *mr̥Hdā́
  • Avestan: *𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (*mər^əδa)
    • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬐𐬀-𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ka-mər^əδa)
      • → Middle Persian: (/⁠kamāl(ag)⁠/, “archdemon; head (daevic)”) (>*kamarθak > *kamaθrak > *kamahrak)

        Manichaean script: 𐫞𐫖𐫀𐫡 (qmʾr /⁠kamār⁠/, “head (of evail being)”)

        Book Pahlavi script: (kmʾł(k'))

        • → Persian: کماله (kamâle, “Zoroasterian archdemon class”)
  • → Proto-Slavic:
    • East Slavic:
      • Russian: морда (morda)^[1]
    • West Slavic:
      • Czech: morda
      • Polish: morda
• Proto-Nuristani: *mūndā́
  • Northern Nuristani:
    • Kamkata-viri:

      Kamviri: mǘn

      Kativiri: mín

  • Southern Nuristani:
    • Ashkun: múṇ (“rock”)
    • Tregami: mūdä (“neck”)