Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/náyȷ́žʰam

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *néyǵʰ-s,^[1] likely of non-Indo-European origin. Perhaps related to Proto-Uralic *nikka (“to stick in, push”).

*náyȷ́žʰam n

1. sharp tip, spear

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *náyȷ́ẓʰam
  • ⇒ Sanskrit: निक्षति (níkṣati, “to pierce, kiss”)
  • ⇒ Sanskrit: नीक्षण (nī́kṣaṇa, “ladle”)
  • ⇒ Sanskrit: नेक्षण (nékṣaṇa, “fork, sharp stick, spear”)
• Proto-Iranian: *náyjam
  • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (naēza, “tip (needle)”)
  • Old Median: (*náyzam)
    • → Middle Persian: (nēš)
      • Persian: نیش (niš, “tip; sting; lance”)
      • → Arabic: نَيْزَة (nayza)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܢܺܝܙܳܪܳܐ (nizārā)
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *náyjakam
    • Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: nize, nîze

      Central Kurdish: نێزە (nêze)

    • Old Median: *náyzakam^[2][3]
      • → Old Armenian: նիզակ (nizak)
      • → Middle Persian:

        Book Pahlavi: (nyck' /⁠nēzag⁠/, “spear, lance”)

        • Classical Persian: نیزه (nēza)
          • Persian: نیزه (neyze)
          • Tajik: найза (nayza)
        • → Arabic: نَيْزَك (nayzak)
      • → Aramaic: (nzk)
      • → Classical Syriac: ܢܝܙܟܐ (nayzkāʾ)
  • ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patináyjah
    • Old Persian: (*patinaida)
      • Elamite: 𒁁𒋾𒈾𒀀𒁕 (bat-ti-na-a-da)

• Edelʹman, D. I. (2015) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 443–446