Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swáydas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swóyd-o-s, from *sweyd- (“to sweat”).

Noun

*swáydas m^[1]

sweat

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*swáydas	*swáydā	*swáydā, -ās(as)
vocative	*swáyda	*swáydā	*swáydā, -ās(as)
accusative	*swáydam	*swáydā	*swáydāns
instrumental	*swáydā	*swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swáydāyš
ablative	*swáydāt	*swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swáydaybʰyas
dative	*swáydāy	*swáydaybʰyaH, -ābʰyām	*swáydaybʰyas
genitive	*swáydasya	*swáydayās	*swáydāna(H)m
locative	*swáyday	*swáydayaw	*swáydayšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swáydas
- Sanskrit: स्वेद (svéda)
Proto-Iranian: *hwáydah (“sweat”)
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬛𐬀 (xvaēda)
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠xwēd⁠/, “moistness (ancient natural science);damp, moist, fresh”)
    - Manichaean script: (xwyd)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: (hwyt')
      - Classical Persian: خوید (xwēd)
        Dari: خوید (xēd)
        
        Iranian Persian: خوید (xid)
        
        Tajik: хед (xed)
  - Khotanese: 𐨱𐨿𐨬𐨁𐨌 (hvī)
  - Wakhi: خیل (ẋil)
  - Khwarezmian: خیل (xyl /⁠*xēl⁠/)
  - Pashto: خوله (xwala)
  - Ormuri: خوله (xōla)
  - Baluchi: ہید (hed)
  - Kurdish:
    - Northern Kurdish: xuh, xwêdan
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠xwēy⁠/, “sweat, perspiration”)
    Book Pahlavi script: (hwyd)
  - Pazend script: 𐬓𐬀𐬈 (xᵛae)
    - Classical Persian: خوی (xway)
    - Dari: خوی (xuy)
    - Iranian Persian: خوی (xoy)
    - Tajik: хуй (xuy)
Proto-Nuristani: (< *āswáydas)^[2]
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: ašpú
    
    Kativiri: ašpë́
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: uspë́
  - Waigali: ašpë

References

^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIIr. *su̯ái̯da-”
^ Strand, Richard F. (2016) “âsveda”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

[1] Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 582: “PIIr. *su̯ái̯da-”

[NEL-2] Strand, Richard F. (2016) “âsveda”, in Nûristânî Etymological Lexicon‎

[1]

[2]