Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hárdah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárdʰas.

Noun

*Hárdah m

half, side
place

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hárdah	*Hárdā(w)	*Hárdāh(ah)
vocative	*Hárda	*Hárdā(w)	*Hárdāh(ah)
accusative	*Hárdam	*Hárdā(w)	*Hárdānh
instrumental	*HárdaH	*Hárdaybʰyā(m)	*Hárdāyš
ablative	*Hárdāt	*Hárdaybʰyā(m)	*Hárdaybʰyah
dative	*Hárdāy	*Hárdaybʰyā(m)	*Hárdaybʰyah
genitive	*Hárdahya	*Hárdayāh	*HárdānaHam
locative	*Hárday	*Hárdayaw	*Hárdayšu

Related terms

*Hárdaxš

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (ar^əδa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *árdi
  - Khotanese: (hala)
    - ⇒ Khotanese: (hālai)
  - Ossetian: ӕрдӕг (ærdæg)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: αρλο (arlo)
  - Khwarezmian: (ʾrd)
  - Sogdian: (ʾrδ /⁠arδ⁠/)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kermanic:
  Qohrudi: āl
- Sivandi: (al)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*arda-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216-218
^ Loma, Aleksandar (2002) “Aus der skythisch-sakischen Lehnwortforschung”, in Stachowski, Marek, editor, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, volume 7, Kraków: University of Kraków, page 63

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*arda-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216-218

[2] Loma, Aleksandar (2002) “Aus der skythisch-sakischen Lehnwortforschung”, in Stachowski, Marek, editor, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, volume 7, Kraków: University of Kraków, page 63