Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hraštáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵtós.

Adjective

*Hraštáh^[1]

right

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀 (rašta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *rāští
  - Khotanese: (rraṣṭa)
  - Ossetian: раст (rast)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: رشت (ršt /⁠rāšt⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠rəšt,rašt; raštē; raštyāk, rəštyāk⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫏 (rštyy);𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐 (rštyʾk), 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫆 (rštyʾkh)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐽀𐽁𐽂 (ršt), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼳 (ršth), 𐽀𐽂𐽁𐽂𐼳 (rtšth); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷 (ršty); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸 (rštyʾk), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸𐼳 (rštyʾkh)
      
      Syriac script: ܪܫܬܝ (ršty); ܪܫܬܝܐܩ (rštyʾq), ܪܝܫܬܝܐܩ (ryštyʾq)
    - Yagnobi: раска (raska, “right(side)”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: رشتيا (rɪštyā́, “true; truth”), رښتيا (rɪṣ̌tyā́)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: راست (rast)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ڕاست (rast)
  
  Northern Kurdish: rast (řāst)
  
  Southern Kurdish: ڕاس (ras)
  
  Laki: ڕاس (ras)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *rāštáh
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: راست (rāst)
    - Mazanderani: راست (rāst)
    - Old Gorgani: راست (rāst)
  - Old Median: *rāštáh^[2]
    - Old Tati:
      Old Azari: راست (rāst)
      - Harzani: روست (rüst)
      - Karingani: روست (rust)
    - → Elamite: 𒊏𒍩𒆪 (ra-áš-da), 𒊏𒆜𒆪 (ra-iš-da)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫀𐫢𐫤 (rʾšt /⁠řāšt⁠/)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: ڕاس (řās), Gurani: ڕاسە (řāsa)
    - Zazaki: raşt (řāšt), rast (řast)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Larestani: (rāst)
- Old Persian: 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠rāst⁠/)
    Book Pahlavi script: (lʾst')
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫤 (rʾst), 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫎 (rʾsṯ)
    
    Psalter Pahlavi script: 𐮊𐮀𐮍𐮑𐮈 (lʾsty)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: راس (rās)
      
      Bakhtiari: راس (rāss)
      
      Southern Luri: راس (rāss)
    - Classical Persian: راست (rāst)
      Dari: راست (râst)
      
      Hazaragi: روس (rōs)
      
      Iranian Persian: راست (râst)
      
      Tajik: рост (rost)
      - → Yagnobi: рост (rost)
      - → Kyrgyz: ырас (ıras)
      - → Uzbek: rost

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 209
^ Hinz, Walther (1975) “*rāšta”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 209

[2] Hinz, Walther (1975) “*rāšta”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hraštáh

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Adjective

Descendants

References

Wikious

Boobota

Sagapedia