Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/aHjāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *aH- +‎ *jāráyati, secondary causative of *járati.^[1]

Verb

*aHjāráyati^[2]^[3]

to torment, offend
to hurt, wound

Derived terms

*aHjāráh
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: ئازار (azar, “annoyance; pain”)
- Pashto: آزار (āzār, “illness; offense”)
- Middle Persian: (ʾcʾl /⁠āzār⁠/)^[4]
  - Persian: آزار (âzâr, “affliction, disease, grieve, vexation, annoyance, injury”)^[1] (see there for further descendants)
*aHjārikah
- Khotanese: (ʾzʾryk, “harm”)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬧𐬙𐬈 (āzāraiieṇte, 3pl.med.caus.), 𐬁𐬰𐬁𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬋𐬌𐬱 (āzāraiiōiš, “to hurt, wound, offend”, 2sg.opt.caus.)^[1]
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khwarezmian: (ʾzʾry-, “to offend”), (mʾzʾryd, 3sg.impf.)^[5]^[1]
- Sogdian:
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫏𐫡𐫖 (ʾʾzyrm /⁠āzarm⁠/, “to offend, hurt”, 1sg.caus.pres.)^[1]
  
  Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼰𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽀𐽂 (ʾʾzʾyrt /⁠āzērd⁠/, “to hurt, trouble”)^[1]^[2]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd /⁠āzārēd⁠/, 3sg.pres.ind.)^[1]
  - → Middle Persian: (/⁠āzārēd⁠/, “to torment, offend; to hurt”, 3sg.pres.ind.)
    Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾʾzʾryd), 𐫀𐫉𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅 (ʾzʾryd)
    
    Book Pahlavi script: (ʾcʾlyt), (’clt /⁠āzard⁠/, ppp.), (’cwlt /⁠āzurd⁠/, ppp.)
    - Persian: آزردن (âzordan, “to annoy, torment”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠ayārdēd⁠/, “to suffer; to be distressed, tormented”)^[6]
  Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdynd, 3pl.pres.), 𐫀𐫏𐫀𐫡𐫅𐫀𐫗𐫅 (ʾyʾrdʾnd, 3pl.subj.pres.)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: (ʾdʾltyt)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾʾzyr-¹”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 17: “āzāraya-”
^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) “ʾzry-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134: “*ā-zarya-; *ā-zāraya-”
^ MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 15
^ Benzing, Johannes (1983) Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 132
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61

[Cheung_zarH-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[Gharib-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾʾzyr-¹”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 17: “āzāraya-”

[3] Benzing, Johannes (1983) “ʾzry-”, in Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 134: “*ā-zarya-; *ā-zāraya-”

[4] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 15

[5] Benzing, Johannes (1983) Chwaresmischer Wortindex, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, page 132

[6] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*darH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61

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