Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gr̥Híš

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 This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gr̥Híš, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-.

Noun

*gr̥Híš m

  1. mountain
    Synonym: *káwfš

Inflection

masculine/feminine i-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *gr̥Híš *gr̥HíH *gr̥Háyah
vocative *gŕ̥Hay *gŕ̥HiH *gŕ̥Hayah
accusative *gr̥Hím *gr̥HíH *gr̥Hínš
instrumental *gr̥HíH *gr̥Híbʰyā(m) *gr̥Híbʰiš
ablative *gr̥Háyš *gr̥Híbʰyā(m) *gr̥Híbʰyah
dative *gr̥Háyay *gr̥Híbʰyā(m) *gr̥Híbʰyah
genitive *gr̥Háyš *gr̥Hiyā́h *gr̥HiHnáHam
locative *gr̥Hā́y *gr̥Hiyáw *gr̥Híšu

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (gairi)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Khotanese: (gara), (ggari)
    • Wakhi: ɣār (“rock”)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Pathan:
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Sanglechi: (gar)
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: žer (“stone”)
        • Shughni: žīr (“stone”)
      • Yazghulami: ға̄р (ɣār, “stone; rock”)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: گر (gar, “mountain cave”)
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: gir
      Central Kurdish: گرد (gird)
    • Parthian:
      Manichaean script: 𐫄𐫡 (ɣr /⁠ɣar⁠/)
    • Ormuri-Parachi
      • Ormuri: (g(i)rī)
      • Parachi: ger, gir
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: (gl /⁠gar⁠/)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian:
        • Persian: گلشاه (galšâh), گرشاه (garšāh, literally “mountain king”) (family name)
        • Persian: گردیز (gardêz, literally “mountain fortress”), (a city in Afghanistan)
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