Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/amō

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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

LIV[1] and De Vaan[2] suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (to seize, to take hold) via “to take hold”, applying a semantic shift “to take by the hand” > “to regard as a friend” > “to love, to be fond of” to arrive at the Latin meaning.

Verb

*amō first-singular present indicative[2][3]

  1. to get hold of

Conjugation

Inflection of *amō (athematic)
Present *amō
Perfect
Aorist
Past participle *amatos
Present indicative Active Passive
1st sing. *amō *amōr
2nd sing. *amas *amazo
3rd sing. *amat *amator
1st plur. *amamos *amamor
2nd plur. *amates
3rd plur. *ament *amentor
Present subjunctive Active Passive
1st sing. *amām *amār
2nd sing. *amās *amāzo
3rd sing. *amād *amātor
1st plur. *amāmos *amāmor
2nd plur. *amātes
3rd plur. *amānd *amāntor
Perfect indicative Active
1st sing.
2nd sing.
3rd sing.
1st plur.
2nd plur.
3rd plur.
Aorist indicative Active
1st sing.
2nd sing.
3rd sing.
1st plur.
2nd plur.
3rd plur.
Present imperative Active Passive
2nd sing. *ama *amazo
2nd plur. *amate
Future imperative Active
2nd + 3rd sing. *amatōd
Participles Present Past
*amants *amatos
Verbal nouns tu-derivative s-derivative
*amatus *amazi

Alternative reconstructions

Derived terms

  • *amaēō (to love, stative)[3]
    • Latin: amō (to love) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Marrucinian: amatens (they have received, 3pl. act. perf.)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂meh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266
  2. 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
  3. 3.0 3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 399, 401