Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/amō

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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

    LIV[1] and De Vaan[2] suggest a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *h₃emh₃- (to seize, to take hold) via “to take hold”, applying a semantic shift “to take by the hand” > “to regard as a friend” > “to love, to be fond of” to arrive at the Latin meaning.

    Verb

    *amō first-singular present indicative[2][3]

    1. to get hold of

    Conjugation

    Inflection of *amō (athematic)
    Present *amō
    Perfect
    Aorist
    Past participle *amatos
    Present indicative Active Passive
    1st sing. *amō *amōr
    2nd sing. *amas *amazo
    3rd sing. *amat *amator
    1st plur. *amamos *amamor
    2nd plur. *amates
    3rd plur. *ament *amentor
    Present subjunctive Active Passive
    1st sing. *amām *amār
    2nd sing. *amās *amāzo
    3rd sing. *amād *amātor
    1st plur. *amāmos *amāmor
    2nd plur. *amātes
    3rd plur. *amānd *amāntor
    Perfect indicative Active
    1st sing.
    2nd sing.
    3rd sing.
    1st plur.
    2nd plur.
    3rd plur.
    Aorist indicative Active
    1st sing.
    2nd sing.
    3rd sing.
    1st plur.
    2nd plur.
    3rd plur.
    Present imperative Active Passive
    2nd sing. *ama *amazo
    2nd plur. *amate
    Future imperative Active
    2nd + 3rd sing. *amatōd
    Participles Present Past
    *amants *amatos
    Verbal nouns tu-derivative s-derivative
    *amatus *amazi

    Alternative reconstructions

    Derived terms

    • *amaēō (to love, stative)[3]
      • Latin: amō (to love) (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Marrucinian: amatens (they have received, 3pl. act. perf.)

    References

    1. 1.0 1.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*h₂meh₃-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 266
    2. 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “amō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
    3. 3.0 3.1 Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 399, 401