Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/herjō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥-yé-ti, from the root *gʰer- (“to yearn for”).

Verb

*herjō first-singular present indicative

to want, wish, cheer

Inflection

Inflection of *herjō (third conjugation)
Present	*herjō
Perfect	*herai
Aorist	—
Past participle	*heritos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*herjō	*herjōr
2nd sing.	*herjes	*herjezo
3rd sing.	*herjet	*herjetor
1st plur.	*herjomos	*herjomor
2nd plur.	*herjetes	*herjem(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*herjont	*herjontor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*herjām	*herjār
2nd sing.	*herjās	*herjāzo
3rd sing.	*herjād	*herjātor
1st plur.	*herjāmos	*herjāmor
2nd plur.	*herjātes	*herjām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*herjānd	*herjāntor

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	*herai
2nd sing.	*heristai?
3rd sing.	*herei
1st plur.	*herme?
2nd plur.	*here
3rd plur.	*herēri

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*herje	*herjezo
2nd plur.	*herjete	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*herjetōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*herjents	*heritos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*heritum	*herjezi

Descendants

Latin: horior (deponent), hortor (frequentative)
Oscan: “to want”
(3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌀𐌃 (heriiad)

(3s.fut.) herest
Umbrian: “to want”
(3s.pr.?) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri)

(3s.pr.sb.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌉𐌄𐌉 (heriiei)

(3s.fut.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌄𐌔 (heries), heriest

(2/3s.fut.) heries

(3s.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄𐌓 (herter), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌄 (herte), herti, hertei

(inf.ps.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌚𐌉 (herifi)

(ppp., abl.sg.?) 𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌖 (eretu), heritu, hereitu
⇒ *herent-tāts f (“Herentas, an Italic goddess”, noun)
- Paelignian: (nom.sg.) herentas
- Oscan:
  (gen.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (herentateis), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌔 (herettates)
  
  (dat.sg.) 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌝 (herentateí), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌄𐌕𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌉 (heretatei)
- ⇒ Marrucinian: herentatia (“of Herentas”, adjective)
⇒ Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌔 (heris), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉 (heri), heri, herie, heriei (repeated, stands for “either... or”)
⇒ Umbrian: pisher (“whoever”)
⇒? Umbrian: 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄𐌔 (herinties), 𐌇𐌄𐌓𐌉𐌍𐌕𐌉𐌄 (herintie)
⇒? Venetic: horvionte (“glad”, if interpreted as representing *hereionte)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “horior”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 289