Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/zm-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*zm-

1. to dream (to see imaginary events while sleeping)

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: ზიმაფა (zimapa)
• ⇒ Svan: ლიზმა̄ლუნე (lizmālune)

• ⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *zm-an- (“to dream; to think”)
  • ⇒ Old Georgian: ზმანება (zmaneba)
  • Zan:
    • ⇒ Laz: ო-ზმონ-უ (o-zmon-u)
• ⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *lʿi-zm-ar- (“dream”)
  • Old Georgian: სიზმარი (sizmari)
    • Georgian: სიზმარი (sizmari)
      • → Mingrelian: სიზმარი (sizmari), სიზიმარი (sizimari), სიზუმარი (sizumari), სიზჷმარი (sizəmari)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: იზმოჯე (izmoce), ეზმოჯე (ezmoce) — Atina, Vizha, Okordule, ეზმოჟე (ezmoje) — Ghvant (← *იზმორ- (*izmor-))

• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 59
• Fähnrich, Heinz, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: University Press, pages 215–216
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 175

• Nozaʒe, Lamara (2008) “Qan-/qar- ṭiṗis puʒeebis šesaxeb kartulši [On qan-/qar- type of roots in Georgian]”, in Giorgi Gogolašvili, Lali Ezugbaia, editors, Kartvelur enata isṭoriuli morpologiis saḳitxebi [Problems in the historical morphology of the Kartvelian languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, →ISBN, pages 294–308