Reconstruction:Proto-Permic/utni
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This Proto-Permic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Permic
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic *opta-. Cognates include Proto-Mari *optaš.
The later stem *uvt- attested in Komi has been formed due to onomatopoeic reasons (compare English woof).
Verb
*utni (stem *ut-)
- (intransitive) to bark
Conjugation
| Conjugation of *utni (stem: *ut-) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Note: The Proto-Permic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| Present | Future | Preterite | Perfect | |
| 1st singular | *uta | *uti | *utämi | |
| 2nd singular | *utad | *utid | *utämid | |
| 3rd singular | *utä | *utas | *uti | *utämi |
| 1st plural | *utami | *utimi | *utämmi | |
| 2nd plural | *utadi | *utidi | *utämdi | |
| 3rd plural | *uta | *utazi | *uti | *utämi |
| Imperative | Connegative | |||
| Singular | *ut | Infinitive | *utni | |
| Plural | *utä | Gerund | *utman | |
| Present participle | Imperfect participle | Perfect participle | Caritive participle | |
| *utiś | *utan | *utäm | *uttäm | |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Komi:
- Udmurt: утыны (utyny)
References
- Lytkin, V. I., Gulyaev, E. S., editors (1970), “увтны”, in Краткий этимологический словарь коми языка [Brief Etymological Dictionary of the Komi Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka