Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḡurayb-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Ultimately onomatopoeic. Compare Latin corvus and Proto-Germanic *hrabnaz, with the same phonetic pattern: velar (+ close or mid-close vowel) + rhotic + bilabial.

Noun

*ḡurayb- m

  1. raven, crow

Inflection

Declension of *ḡurayb-
case singular dual plural
nominative *ḡuraybum *ḡuraybāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *ḡuraybam *ḡuraybayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *ḡuraybim
possessive forms
1st person *ḡuraybī / *ḡuraybVya *ḡuraybVni
2nd person m *ḡuraybVka *ḡuraybVkumā / *ḡuraybVkumay *ḡuraybVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ḡuraybVki *ḡuraybVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ḡuraybVšu *ḡuraybVšumā / *ḡuraybVšumay *ḡuraybVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ḡuraybVša *ḡuraybVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḡuraybuya for nom. case, *ḡuraybiya for gen. case, *ḡuraybaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒌑𒉁𒂵 (erēbum, ḫerēbum, arēbu)
    • Eblaite: 𒂵𒌷𒅤 (ga-ri₂-bu₃ /⁠ḡarību⁠/), 𒄩𒌷𒅤𒌝 (ḫa-ri₂-bu₃-um /⁠ḡarībum⁠/)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Mehri: haġaráyb, yəġəráyb, yəġərēb
      • Shehri: ʾaġəréb
      • Soqotri: ʾáʿrəb
  • Old Armenian: ագռաւ (agṙaw) (possibly)