Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥamṯ-

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 This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḥamṯ- m

  1. abdomen

Inflection

Declension of *ḥamṯ-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ḥamṯum *ḥamṯāna plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive *ḥamṯim *ḥamṯayna plural stem + *-īna
Accusative *ḥamṯam
possessive forms
1st person *ḥamṯī / *ḥamṯVya — *ḥamṯVni
2nd person m *ḥamṯVka *ḥamṯVkumā / *ḥamṯVkumay *ḥamṯVkum(ū)
2nd person f *ḥamṯVki *ḥamṯVkin(ā)
3rd person m *ḥamṯVšu *ḥamṯVšumā / *ḥamṯVšumay *ḥamṯVšum(ū)
3rd person f *ḥamṯVša *ḥamṯVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥamṯuya for nom. case, *ḥamṯiya for gen. case, *ḥamṯaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥamṯ-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ḥamṯuka *ḥamṯāka plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive *ḥamṯika *ḥamṯayka plural stem + *-īka
Accusative *ḥamṯaka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥamṯ-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *ḥamṯuki *ḥamṯāki plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive *ḥamṯiki *ḥamṯayki plural stem + *-īki
Accusative *ḥamṯaki

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒍨 (emšu, imšu, “region below the navel; abdomen; uterus”)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: חִמְּצָא (ḥimṣā, “fatty intestinal tissue”) (considered influenced by Akkadian 𒍜𒈨𒃶 (UZU.ME.ḪÉ /⁠ḫimṣu⁠/, “fatty intestinal tissue”), but this is generally mentioned in rituals and could be a West-Semitic borrowing)
          • Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡌࡑࡀ (himṣa, “abdomen, belly, entrails”)
          • Classical Syriac: ܚܘܽܡܫܳܐ (ḥumšā, “abdomen; omasum”) (considered from Hebrew)
        • Canaanite:
          • Hebrew: חֹמֶשׁ (khomésh, ḥṓmeš, “belly, abdomen”)
        • Ugaritic: 𐎈𐎎𐎘 (ḥmṯ /⁠ḥamṯu⁠/, “venter”)
    • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Mehri: ḥamṯ (“belly below the navel”)
      • Harsusi: ḥamṯ (“lower belly, pubes”)
      • Shehri: ḥamṯ (“lower belly”)
      • Soqotri: ḥánt (“venter”)

References

  • Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 176a
  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2000) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volumes I: Anatomy of Man and Animals, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 110–111 Nr. 122
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