Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḥamw-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
According to Igor Diakonoff, the term is inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic *ḥamw- with Egyptian ḥmww (/ḥamw/), ḥmwt, typically used in the names of craftsmen, the mass of the labouring population in Ancient Egypt, referencing their figurative affiliation to the pharaoh.
Noun
*ḥamw- m (plural *ḥaman-)
Inflection
Declension of *ḥamw-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *ḥamwum | *ḥamwāna | *ḥamanūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *ḥamwim | *ḥamwayna | *ḥamanīna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *ḥamwam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *ḥamwī / *ḥamwVya | — | *ḥamwVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *ḥamwVka | *ḥamwVkumā / *ḥamwVkumay | *ḥamwVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *ḥamwVki | *ḥamwVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *ḥamwVšu | *ḥamwVšumā / *ḥamwVšumay | *ḥamwVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *ḥamwVša | *ḥamwVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḥamwuya for nom. case, *ḥamwiya for gen. case, *ḥamwaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḥamw-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḥamw-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- South Semitic:
References
- ^ Diakonoff, Igor (1999) The paths of history, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 29
- ^ Kogan, Leonid (2015) “ḥam-”, in Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 45, only obiter, apparently forgetting or repressing to expand upon this form which is curtailed like *ʔab- (“father”) as one of الْأَسْمَاء السِّتَّة (al-ʔasmāʔ as-sitta).