Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳarib-

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 This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*ḳarib-

  1. to be near, to be close; to come near, to approach

Conjugation

Conjugation of Proto-Semitic/ḳarib- (paʕala)
verbal noun *ḳarb-
active participle *ḳārib-
passive participle *ḳarīb-, *ḳarūb-
singular dual plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
perfect m *ḳarabku *ḳarabka *ḳaraba *ḳarabkayā *ḳarabkā *ḳarabā *ḳarabna *ḳarabkanu *ḳarabū
f *ḳarabki *ḳarabat *ḳarabatā *ḳarabkina *ḳarabā
imperfect m *ʔaḳrab *taḳrab *yiḳrab *taḳrabā *yaḳrabā *niḳrab *taḳrabū *yiḳrabū
f *taḳrabī *taḳrab *taḳrabā *taḳrabā *yiḳrabā
imperative m *ḳarab *ḳarabā *ḳarabū
f *ḳarabī *ḳarabā

Derived terms

  • *ḳarV̄b-u-m (C₁aC₂V̄C₃ pattern verbal adjective)
    • Arabic: قَرِيبٌ (qarībun) (see there for further descendants)
    • Hebrew: קָרוֹב (qārôḇ)

Descendants

  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒆪𒉡 (/⁠qarābum, qerēbum⁠/, “to be near; to come near”)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic:
        • Imperial Aramaic: 𐡒𐡓𐡁 (qəraḇ)
        • Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡳𐡴𐡡 (qəraḇ)
        • Hatran Aramaic: 𐣲𐣡𐣣 (qəraḇ)
        • Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קְרֵב (qərēḇ, “to come near”)
        • Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢚𐢛𐢂 (qəraḇ)
        • Classical Syriac: ܩܪܶܒ (qəreḇ, “to come near”)
        • Classical Mandaic: ࡒࡓࡁ
      • Canaanite:
      • Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎗𐎁 (qrb /⁠qariba⁠/, “to approach; to be close to”)
    • Old South Arabian: 𐩤𐩧𐩨 (qrb, “to be near; to come near”)
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Mehri: ḳɔ́rɔ́b, ḳérǝb
      • Shehri: ḳérəb
    • Ethiopian:

References

  • Bravmann, Mëir Max (1977) “Semitic Instances of “Linguistic Taboo”. A. Akkadian qarābu “to be offered as a sacrifice” and Related Expressions”, in Studies in Semitic Philology (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 6), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 465–477
  • Hoftijzer, J, Jongeling, K. (1995) Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten; 21), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, pages 1028–1030
  • Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 440
  • Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor (1936) “Studies in Semitic Formatives”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 35
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