Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/lišān-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative forms

  • *liššān-
  • *lašān-

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *lis- (tongue) with the nominal suffix +‎ *-ān-. Cognate with Proto-Berber *iləs, Egyptian ns, and Proto-Chadic (whence Hausa harshe).

Noun

*lišān- m or f

  1. tongue
  2. language

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *lišān-
case singular dual plural
nominative *lišānum *lišānāna plural stem + *-ūna
accusative *lišānam *lišānayna plural stem + *-īna
genitive *lišānim
possessive forms
1st person *lišānī / *lišānVya *lišānVni
2nd person m *lišānVka *lišānVkumā / *lišānVkumay *lišānVkum(ū)
2nd person f *lišānVki *lišānVkin(ā)
3rd person m *lišānVšu *lišānVšumā / *lišānVšumay *lišānVšum(ū)
3rd person f *lišānVša *lišānVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *lišānuya for nom. case, *lišāniya for gen. case, *lišānaya for acc. case, etc.

Feminine:

Declension of *lišān-
case singular dual plural
nominative *lišānum *lišānāna *lišānātum
accusative *lišānam *lišānayna *lišānātim
genitive *lišānim
possessive forms
1st person *lišānī / *lišānVya *lišānVni
2nd person m *lišānVka *lišānVkumā / *lišānVkumay *lišānVkum(ū)
2nd person f *lišānVki *lišānVkin(ā)
3rd person m *lišānVšu *lišānVšumā / *lišānVšumay *lišānVšum(ū)
3rd person f *lišānVša *lišānVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *lišānuya for nom. case, *lišāniya for gen. case, *lišānaya for acc. case, etc.

Derived terms