Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/nahar-

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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

    Noun

    *nahar- m or f

    1. river

    Inflection

    Masculine:

    Declension of *nahar-
    case singular dual plural
    nominative *naharum *naharāna plural stem + *-ūna
    accusative *naharam *naharayna plural stem + *-īna
    genitive *naharim
    possessive forms
    1st person *naharī / *naharVya *naharVni
    2nd person m *naharVka *naharVkumā / *naharVkumay *naharVkum(ū)
    2nd person f *naharVki *naharVkin(ā)
    3rd person m *naharVšu *naharVšumā / *naharVšumay *naharVšum(ū)
    3rd person f *naharVša *naharVšin(ā)

    the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *naharuya for nom. case, *nahariya for gen. case, *naharaya for acc. case, etc.

    Feminine:

    Declension of *nahar-
    case singular dual plural
    nominative *naharum *naharāna *naharātum
    accusative *naharam *naharayna *naharātim
    genitive *naharim
    possessive forms
    1st person *naharī / *naharVya *naharVni
    2nd person m *naharVka *naharVkumā / *naharVkumay *naharVkum(ū)
    2nd person f *naharVki *naharVkin(ā)
    3rd person m *naharVšu *naharVšumā / *naharVšumay *naharVšum(ū)
    3rd person f *naharVša *naharVšin(ā)

    the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *naharuya for nom. case, *nahariya for gen. case, *naharaya for acc. case, etc.

    Derived terms

    • East Semitic:
      • Akkadian: 𒀀𒇉 (nārum)
    • West Semitic:

    References

    • Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN