Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/nahar-
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This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Semitic
Noun
*nahar- m or f
Inflection
Masculine:
Declension of *nahar-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *naharum | *naharāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *naharim | *naharayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *naharam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *naharī / *naharVya | — | *naharVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *naharVka | *naharVkumā / *naharVkumay | *naharVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *naharVki | *naharVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *naharVšu | *naharVšumā / *naharVšumay | *naharVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *naharVša | *naharVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *naharuya for nom. case, *nahariya for gen. case, *naharaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *nahar-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *nahar-
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Feminine:
Declension of *nahar-
| Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *naharum | *naharāna | *naharātum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Genitive | *naharim | *naharayna | *naharātim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Accusative | *naharam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1st person | *naharī / *naharVya | — | *naharVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person m | *naharVka | *naharVkumā / *naharVkumay | *naharVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2nd person f | *naharVki | *naharVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person m | *naharVšu | *naharVšumā / *naharVšumay | *naharVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3rd person f | *naharVša | *naharVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.
Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *naharuya for nom. case, *nahariya for gen. case, *naharaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *nahar-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *nahar-
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Derived terms
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀀𒇉 (nārum)
- West Semitic:
References
- Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN