Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/tišʕ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *tVsʕ-. Cognate with Proto-Berber *tăẓa (whence Central Atlas Tamazight ⵜⵥⴰ (tẓa)) and possibly with Hausa tar̃à.

Numeral

**Proto-Semitic numbers ^(edit)**
← 8	9	10 →
Cardinal: *tišʕ-

*tišʕ-

nine

Usage notes

This number exhibited chiastic concord (gender polarity), in which masculine forms were used to agree with feminine nouns, and feminine forms with masculine nouns.

Inflection

Declension of *tišʕ-
Case	m	f
Nominative	*tišʕum	*tišʕatum
Accusative	*tišʕam	*tišʕatam
Genitive	*tišʕim	*tišʕatim

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒑆 (tišīt)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: تِسْعَة (tisʕa)
    - Egyptian Arabic: تسعة (tisʕa)
    - Maltese: disgħa
    - Moroccan Arabic: تسعة (tisʕa), ⇒ تسعود (tisʕūd)
    - → Swahili: tisa
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: תִּשְׁעָא m (tišʿā), תְּשַׁע f (təšaʿ)
      - Western Neo-Aramaic: ܛܫܥܐ m (ṭešʿa), ܐܛܫܥ f (ʾeṭšaʿ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܬܷ݁ܫܥܳܐ m (tešʿā), ܬ݁ܫܰܥ f (təšaʿ)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: תֵּשַׁע (tésha', tḗšaʿ), תִּשְׁעָה (tish'á, tišʿâ)
      - Phoenician:
        Punic: 𐤕𐤔𐤏 (tšʿ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎚𐎌𐎓𐎚 (tšʿt /⁠tišʿatu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Ge'ez: ትስዓቱ (təsʿattu)
  - Tigre: ስዕ (səʿ), ትስዒ (təsʿi)
  - Tigrinya: ትሽዓተ (təšʿattä)

References

Huehnergard, John (2019) “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN, page 61