Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/tiʔin-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative reconstructions

*taʔin-

Noun

*tiʔin- m or f

fig

Inflection

Declension of *tiʔin-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*tiʔinum	*tiʔināna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*tiʔinam	*tiʔinayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*tiʔinim	*tiʔinayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	tiʔinī / tiʔinVya	—	*tiʔinVni
2^nd person m	*tiʔinVka	tiʔinVkumā / tiʔinVkumay	*tiʔinVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*tiʔinVki	tiʔinVkumā / tiʔinVkumay	*tiʔinVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*tiʔinVšu	tiʔinVšumā / tiʔinVšumay	*tiʔinVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*tiʔinVša	tiʔinVšumā / tiʔinVšumay	*tiʔinVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *tiʔinuya for nom. case, *tiʔiniya for gen. case, *tiʔinaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄑𒈠 (tittum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: תְּאֵנְתָּא (təʾēntā), תֵּינְתָּא (tēntā)
      
      Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: תינה (tēnā), determinate state תינתה (tēntā)
      
      Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܬܝܢܐ (tēnā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܬܷ݁ܐܢܬ݁ܳܐ (tēʾntā)
      - → Arabic: تِين (tīn)
    - Canaanite:
      - Ammonite: 𐤕𐤀𐤍 (tʾn)
      - Hebrew: תְּאֵנָה (t'ená, təʾēnâ)
      - Phoenician: *𐤕𐤀𐤍 (*tʾn) or *𐤕𐤉𐤍 (*tyn)
        Punic: 𐤕𐤉𐤍 (tyn)
    - the fig-tree is not attested in Ugaritic

References

van Putten, Marijn (2017) “The illusory Yemenite connection of Andalusi Arabic”, in Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik‎, volume 66, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →DOI, page 26
Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Lexicon”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 204

^ Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004) “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis‎, volume 22, number 1, Barcelona, page 119

[1] Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2004) “A Botanical Snapshot of Ugaritic”, in Aula Orientalis‎, volume 22, number 1, Barcelona, page 119